Politická ekonomie, 1997 (vol. 45), issue 2

Articles

Placení účtu za gulášový komunismus

Paying the Bill for Gulash-Communism

János Kornai

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):153-170 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.271

The way of Hungarian economy, from a centralised economy to market economy, embodies some different aspects in comparison with other post-communistic countries. The goal of the text is to contribute to explanations of these aspects, their interactions and effects induced. The analysis starts with anti-communistic revolution in 1956, than follows with the time of reformation and increasing indebtedness of communistic government and furthers the winning of democracy and gradualist transformation after election 1990 until stabilisation in 1995. (The second part of text is in Politická ekonomie, 1997, č.3)

Substituce měny ve východní Evropě

Currency Substitution in Eastern Europe

Bas van Aarle, Nina Budina

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):171-182 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.272

Economical and political instability that prevailed in most Eastern European countries after reforming programs stimulates strong increase of currency substitution. An important impact of currency substitution is a reduction of controlling of monetary equilibrium by monetary institutions. It could results in higher instability of exchange rate and inflation. From the view of public finance the currency substitution produce that tax base is more elastic considering taxation. The text analyses currency substitution in the Hungary, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria.

Aktivní politika na trhu práce, sladění nabídky s poptávkou a tzv. český zázrak

Active Labour Market Policies, Job Matching and the Czech Miracle

Tito Boeri, Michael Burda

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):183-192 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.273

The Czech Republic markedly yaws from the knowledge pattern the others transforming countries in the unemployment rate, which was about 3-4 percentage whereas the others had a two digit number level. The article studies the role of combination active labour market and strength rules for allowance in unemployment.

Centrální banky a využití ražebného? studie tří transformujících se ekonomik

Central Banks and the Use of Seigniorage: A Study of Three Economies in Transition

Eduard Hochreiter, Riccardo Rovelli, Georg Winckler

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):193-206 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.274

Central banks systems in the transforming economies in Eastern Europe are under pressure. From one side appears a need of integration to the Europe from the other side a finance needs of governments. Besides it is very hard to split a "good" and a "bad" demands for new loans. The text research into behaviour of Central bank of the Czech Republic, the Hungary and the Romania with use of the German and the Austria as examples of seigniorage.

Úloha komerčních bank v procesu transformace české ekonomiky

The Role of Commercial Banks in the Czech Economy Transformation Process

Petr Chvojka

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):207-224 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.275

The intuitive restructuring role of commercial banks can gradually gain the elements of a purposeful activity, especially with how the banks manage to: overcome the barrier of inadequate information about the real value relations between individual branches, enterprises, etc.; the given non-existence of the consistent economics research and analyses; react positively to the problem of non-existence of a distinct structural national economy related concept, according to which they could orientated otherwise in their crediting; formulate under such condition its own strategic approaches, including not only the actual (bank) partial standpoints, but integrating...

Makroekonomické efekty platební neschopnosti: dynamický model

Macroeconomic Effects of Insolvency: Dynamic Model

Aleš Bulíř

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):225-238 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.276

The epidemic growth of insolvency in time prior to reformation and its inherence in transforming economies took an economist by surprise. The article is trying to formulate a general dynamics model of close economy. The results are compared with the development of the Czech economy in time prior to reformation (1976-1989). The goal of model is depicted as an mutually dependency between monetary and fiscal policy of government in a planned economy and autonomy development of supply against a development of insolvency on the other side.

Reklama v situaci dynamického duopolu

Advertising in a Dynamic Duopoly

María Paz Espinosa, Petr Mariel

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):239-254 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.277

In this paper we study the problem of optimal advertising expenditure in a dynamic duopoly. Non-price competition represents a crucial aspect of interfirm rivalry, and in some markets advertising may be considered as one of the most important competitive tools. An important feature of our model is that we consider explicitly the competitive and informative contents of advertising, allowing advertising to have market size and business stealing effects. We use a differential game framework and analyse the open loop and Markov feedback equilibria.

Vstup do Európskej Únie - ekonomická nevyhnutnou alebo politická ambícia Slovenskej republiky?

Entrance to the European Union - Economic Inevitability or Political Ambition of the Slovak Republic?

Peter Baláž

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):255-268 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.278

High rates of GDP growth in the last three years, but also fundamental change and a level of adaptation processes in the structure of economy is crucial feature of Slovaks admission strategy to the EU. The success of this process is conditioned not only by the satisfaction of economic criteria but also political conditions.

Consultations

Vývoj ruského nemarxistického ekonomického myšlení: 1890-1939

Development of Russian Non-Marxists Thinking: 1890-1939

Karel Půlpán

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):269-280 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.279

The text presents opinions of Russian economists that were born in the former czars Russia with constrain on these who can be called non-Marxists. The response on Marx theory prior to revolution was very strong and every economist knew it. Among the most influential we can place M.I. Tugan-Baranovskij, P.B. Struve, A.V.Čajanov a N.D.Kondratěv.

Regresní analýza nestacionárních ekonomických časových řad

Regressive Analysis of Non-stationary Economic Time Series

Josef Arlt

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(2):281-290 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.280

The goal of article is to explain the integrated process and stochastic trend like an origin of seeming regression and clarifies a way of detection. The first part contains a description and clarification of stationer and non-stationer attributes of generating process in time series. The second parts depict a seeming regression and newest knowledge about this problems obtained by an application of simulation studies.