Politická ekonomie, 1999 (vol. 47), issue 1

Míra investic, míra ekonomického růstu a souhrnná efektivnost kapitálu

The rate of investment, rate of growth and the aggregate efficiency of fixed capital

Miroslav Kalous

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1

Between investment volume, product and aggregate fixed capital exist the certain quantitative relations which results from depreciation of fixed capital and structural changes in economy. The certain extent of capital in economy makes possible to reach a certain extent of product and this fact determines a certain extent of investment. On the other side the same extent of capital needs a certain extent of investment to replace the loss of capital because of depreciation.The high rate of investment can be an expression of unequilibrium between both types of investment. This unequilibrium is the result of a low effectiveness of agregate fixed capital...

Dluhově přizpůsobený reálný devizový kurz české koruny

Debt adjusted real exchange rate of the czech currency

Jan Frait, Luboš Komárek

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.2

The paper aims at enriching current discussions about the equilibrium exchange rate level for the Czech currency, and generally for transition economies. The main idea of the paper is to introduce one of the newly emerged conceptions of real exchange rate which can indicate potential overvaluation or undervaluation of the exchange rate. The conception which is called DARER (Debt Adjusted Real Exchange Rate) takes into account the effects of current account deficits and of foreign debt on the equilibrium price level and thus real exchange rate. The importance of this particular conception is given by the fact many of the transitional countries finance...

Analýza sektorových indexů na Pražské burze cenných papírů

Analysis of sectorial indexes at Prague stock exchange

Jiří Trešl

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.3

Statistical analysis of sectorial and global indexes at Prague Stock Exchange in 1997 was performed. The relative variability of sectorial indexes ranged from 5 % in Mining to 29 % in Agriculture. About one half of index returns can be approximated by normal distribution. The correlation between different sectorial daily and weekly returns was statistically significant particularly between Finance and Banking, Investment funds and heavy industry sectors. As a rule, weekly correlations were roughly twice greater than daily ones. Quasi-periodic behaviour of indexes enables the trend modelling through harmonic components superposition. The first four...

Ženy a mzdová diskriminace

Women and wage discrimination

Zuzana Dvořáková

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.4

A contractual concept of wages has been introduced by the latest amendment of labor law in the Czech Republic. Preparations for EU accession require that the wage and salary act shall emphasize the principle of identical wage for work of identical value. The inequality of men and women with respect to their remuneration is determined by noneconomic factors. Women are predetermined by their education to segregation to lower-wage jobs. Currently, the women's share in labor force at productive age is approximately 43 %. Women with primary education account for about 16 %, those with secondary education for 75 % and with university-level education for...

Zahraniční obchod Československa 1918 - 1937

Czechoslovak foreign trade (1918-1937)

Jiří Kosta

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.5

The line of trade policy in the Czechoslovak Republic before Munich Agreement is confronted with the results of foreign trade in interwar Czechoslovakia. There were four periods of trade policy at that time: from Czechoslovakia's establishment to 1922 - 1923: this period can be described by a high level of protectionism; liberalization of import and export was typical of the period until 1929; the years 1930 - 1933 were influenced by increasing protectionism in international trade as a result of the world economic crisis; after 1933, gradual liberalization of trade-policy tools occurred, but the level of liberalization from the twenties was not renewed...

Analýza regionální ekonomické struktury

Analysis of regional economic pattern

Jaroslav Macháček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.6

The constituents of regional economy - manifesting relations between the whole and its parts - have been addressed, particularly in terms of development of regional economic structures (RES). The ways how to evaluate RES, indicators of regional economy's performance related to its sector composition, assessment of diversification and specialization make up the main foci of the paper.The issue of identification of regions as entities appropriate for definition of economic systems has been also approached - with reference to the theoretical contribution of Perroux and his followers in the respective field. The arguments for enhancing the concept...

Kredibilita a reputace měnové politiky

Credibility and reputation of monetary policy

Paul Levine

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.7

The article presents a survey of theory concerning the "credibility" and "reputation" issues until the beginning of the 1990s, when new concept of "central bank independence" emerged. The "credibility problem" described by Kydland and Prescott means, that optimal policies become sub-optimal with the passage of time, which is called "time inconsistency". When the government or monetary authority change formerly optimal policy rules, the "forward - looking" private sector can anticipate it so that time inconsistent policies lack credibility. This problem can be analysed in terms of a complete-information game between the policy-maker and the private...

Počátky zkoumání dlouhých vln

The beginnings of study of long waves

Pavel Sirůček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.8

The first modern long waves concepts can be found in the period of the fall of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century - the first notice describing their characteristics was done in 1847 in writings by H. Clarke. The majority of authors came to the long wave characteristics through the trials how to explain middle run cycles and economic crises. As the main stimulation leading to the development of the long run economic shifts research we can determine the moves of the price levels - the price long run statistics became the best indicators of economic activities at that time.Many authors were influenced by thoughts of K. Marx and...

Vzdělávání ekonomů s evropskou dimenzí

Education of Economists with the European Dimension

Jaroslava Durčáková

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.10

Sympozium o rozšíření Evropské unie

Symposium on the Enlargement of the European Union

Miroslav Maňas

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.11

Evropská konference o o operačním výzkumu

European Conference on Operational Research

Petr Fiala

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.12

Nositel Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii za rok 1998

Nobel Prize Winner for Economics in 1998

Marie Bohatá

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.9

Komplexní pohled na hospodářskou politiku Japonska

Complex View of the Economic Policy of Japan

Milan Žák

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.13

Ekonomická transformace z pohledu sociologa

Economic Transformation Viewed by a Sociologist

Petr Soukup

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.14

Národní hospodářství očima systému národního účetnictví

National Economy Seen through the National Accounting System

Vojtěch Spěváček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.15

Přístupy k ekonomické a prostorové analýze

Attitudes towards Economic and Spacial Analysis

Jitka Koderová

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.16

Manažer a informatika

Manager and Information Science

Jitka Srpová

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.17

Studium chování lidí v pracovních kolektivech

Study of Human Behaviour in the Working Collectives

Jiří Dědina

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.18