Politická ekonomie, 2001 (vol. 49), issue 1

Proces dezinflace v Československu a České republice v letech 1989 - 1999

The process of disinflation in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in 1989 through to 1999

Karel Brůna

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.195

This paper deals with the process of disinflation in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in 1989 through to 1999. It seems that pricing behaviour of microeconomic entities played a crucial role in the process of price level stabilization in this economy, because of direct effects of the company demand shock and variable sources and structure of such demand shock during disinflation stabilization program. The author emphasize aggregate demands character of the primary stabilization program, which was reflected in the large extent of pricing synchronization and high level of price level stabilization in the first months of 1991. On the contrary, the...

Kontexty vývoje české ekonomiky v 90. letech

Contexts of development of the czech economy in the nineties

Slavoj Czesaný

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.196

In the economic cycle of the Czech Republic in the nineties the number of years of economic recession or stagnation was higher than the duration of economic growth. Two recessions from the early and late years of the decennium indicated how complicated it is to search for an appropriate structure of macroeconomic policies, adequate frameworks of regulatory mechanism's and velocity of property structure establishment. Low customs protection, loose regulation of the entry of new economic agents on the market, high tax burden, high cost of loan capital exerted a high economic pressure on the corporate sector. On the other hand, the soft standards of bankruptcy...

The European union budget (facts and challenges facing the union's fourth enlargement)

Antonio Fernández

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.197

The EU budget is set within a multi annual framework known as the Financial Perspective that has been agreed by the European institutions for 2000 - 2006 and are designed to cover expenditure for the current 15 member countries and for 10 CEECs and Cyprus which are in a process of EU membership negotiations. Within the Financial Perspective, the resources available for a future Union of 21 member countries are limited to a maximum annual ceiling equivalent to 1.27 % of the Union GNP. The budget income systém is made up of the so called traditional resources, a percentage of VAT and a resource based on the countries GNP. During the last few years each...

Teorie byrokracie v pojetí Williama A. Niskanena

Bureaucracy in the conception of William A. Niskanen

Mojmír Hampl

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.198

The paper explains the theory of bureaucracy developed by William A. Niskanen. While sociologist Max Weber's analysis treats the bureaucrats as "eunuchs" or automatic machines creating the public well-being, Niskanen tries to apply standard neo-classical economic models to explain the behaviour bureaucracy as a whole. On this background he concludes that the bureaucracy will concentrate on bargaining process with the sponsor and not on improving the quality of its services. This is a simple explanation why the bureau provides systematically worse products and services to its customers than the standard firm operating on the market.

Analýza zpoždění při modelování vztahů mezi časovými řadami

The lag analysis in modelling of relationship of economic time series

Josef Arlt, Štěpán Radkovský

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.199

The distributed lags models enable the construction of the lag mean, median and variance. The estimators of parameters of the distributed lags models and the autoregressive distributed lags models enable to create the estimators of these basic characteristics. It is obvious that the values of estimators depend on the form of the time series transformation. The methodology of selection of suitable transformation of time series is based on the principle of maximization of the likelihood function. The computation of basic characteristics of the lags in the econometric model is illustrated on the example of the analysis of relationship between the interest...

Uživatelské bleskové odhady krátkodobých změn hrubého domácího produktu České republiky

Users flash estimates of the gross domestic product short-term changes of the Czech Republic

Jaroslav Jílek, Miloš Vojta

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.200

The total monthly change of the GDP in constant prices is estimated with the aid of the sectorial turnover indices in constant prices (Ii,T), lagged sectorial indices of the gross value added/turnover ratios (Ii,k), sectorial gross value added structure (wi) and corrective coefficient (kr,t-1). The presented model can be used even by non-statisticians, rendering the flash estimates at the same moment, when the latest sectorial turnover index is beeing published. The procedure applied for the Czech economy in the period April 1999 to July 2000 is illustrated both by Tables and Figures, where the comparison with the official quarterly estimates, which...

Nafta: odhadované efekty a realita po šesti letech

Nafta: effects estimated and reality after six years

Eva Cihelková

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.201

The article concentrates on analysis of economic impact of North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) on member states - USA, Canada and Mexico - in period five to six years after its beginning. It studies the methodologies created for measuring of the impact of NAFTA and the estimate of the effects which the authors gained through using of these methodologies. The article analyses furthermore the effects of NAFTA in individual spheres (trade, investing, real income, employment, wages) and it tries critically to evaluate the models, their strenghts and weaknesses.

Standardní a nestandardní přístupy k ekonomickým cyklům (vybrané problémy)

Standard and nonstandard approaches to trade cycles

Pavel Sirůček

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.202

Trade cycles of different length are one of the underlying subjects of macroeconomic theory; the general framework is connected with demonstrable cyclical and relatively regular fluctuations of economic activity or economic growth. The objective of the article is to describe some elementary considerations and conclusions or unsolved problems of the multidimensional theme of cyclical fluctuations. Different theoretical approaches to cycles are analyzed, mainly in the context of the co-action of endogenous and exogenous factors. The article ends with recapitulation of some historical landmarks of the investigation into trade cycles and/or identification...

Vliv německé historické školy na české ekonomické myšlení

The influence of the german historical school on the czech economic thought

Marek Loužek

Politická ekonomie 2001, 49(1) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.203

The article is concerned with the influence that the German historical school had on the Czech economic thought. There is analysed life and work of four most important representatives of the Czech economic thought in 19th century. It is shown that František Chleborad distanced from the German school because of patriotic feelings, on the other hand, Josef Kaizl was an enthusiastic adherent of the German school. Albín Bráf attempted to make a compromise between the German's tradition and the Austrian's one. Jan Koloušek rehabilitated the German approach when he criticized the Austrian school. In each case, without knowledge about the German historical...