Politická ekonomie, 2006 (vol. 54), issue 2
Makroekonomický vývoj České republiky v letech 1996-2004
Macroeconomic development of the Czech republic in the years 1996-2004
Vojtěch Spěváček, Růžena Vintrová, Mojmír Hájek, Václav Žďárek
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):147-169 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.550 
Economic growth of the Czech Republic differed strongly in two periods: 1996-1999 and 2000-2004. While in the first period the economy was hit by the recession and the average annual rate of growth of GDP reached only 0,9 %, in the second period the growth accelerated to 3,2 %. The economic growth measured by the indicators of real income (namely of real gross domestic income) was faster. This was caused by positive contribution of the terms of trade. On the supply side the main contributing factors were labour and total factor productivity. On the demand side the growth was pulled by domestic demand which grew even faster than GDP. The contribution...
Zdroje růstu, souhrnná produktivita faktorů a struktura v České republice
Sources of economic growth, total factor productivity and structure in the Czech republic
Mojmír Hájek
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):170-189 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.551
The study examines the resources of economic growth in the Czech Republic in the course of years from 1992 until 2004. Using the growth accounting method, it analyses the contribution of individual factors to economic growth. Special attention is given to total factor productivity, which, apart from labour, also includes a fixed capital stock at constant prices. Compared to the previous period, the acceleration of the growth of total factor productivity decisively contributed to the speeding up of economic growth in the years 1999-2004. Furthermore, the study examines growth resources in six national economy sectors and analyses the contribution of...
Předem odsouzeno k neúspěchu: měření šedé ekonomiky tranzitivních zemí pomocí makroekonomických metod
Mission impossible: measuring the informal sector in a transition economy using macro methods
Jan Hanousek, Filip Palda
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):190-203 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.552
An easy and popular method for measuring the size of the underground economy is to use macro-data such as money demand or electricity demand to infer what the legitimate economy needs, and then to attribute the remaining consumption to the underground economy. Such inferences rely on the stability of parameters of the demand equations, or at very least on knowledge of how these parameters are changing. We show that the pace of change of these parameters (such as velocity) is too variable in transition economies for the above methods of estimating the size of the underground economy to be applicable.
Efekty státní podpory podniků
Effects of state aid to enterprises
Alena Zemplinerová
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):204-213 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.553
The aim of the article is to describe theoretical concepts related to the effects of state subsidies on enterprises and to discuss the magnitude and effect of state aid on enterprises during the transformation of the Czech economy. Subsidies to enterprises during transformation were high, often transparent, and above the European Union average. During 1997-2003 registered state aid reached 362 bn. CZK. More than 90 percent of the total registered state aid went to awards the rescue and restructuring of enterprises. It can be roughly estimated that during 1997-2000 state aid was twice as high as officially registered. Share of state aid to enterprises...
Ceny v obchodě České republiky se zeměmi Evropské unie
Prices in trade of the Czech republic with member countries of the European union
Václav Nešvera
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):214-226 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.554
Empirical research on the differences between unit values in the EU's trade with the Czech Republic and the intra-EU average has shown a significant changes. The comparative level of manufacturing products imported from the Czech republic has increased, the comparative level of products exported to the Czech republic has decreased. The price-gaps, inherited from the communist regime have been substantially reduced. Most remarkable changes of the comparative prices took place in trade with products of metalworking industries. The favourable development of price relations in the Czech foreign trade has been an important element underlying balance of...
Formalizovaný model tranzitívnej ekonomiky - prípad SR
Formal model of economy in transition - case of Slovak republic
Mikuláš Luptáčik, Viliam Páleník, Vladimír Kvetan, Ján Ďuraš, Jana Hrivnáková, Peter Ondko
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):227-246 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.555
This paper aims at constructing a model of a small open economy of the Slovak Republic. In essence, the model represents a synthesis of already published modifications of the Mundell - Fleming type of models, describing the market of goods and services in interaction with the money market and paying special attention to foreign trade. As the model construction is aimed at providing a tool for qualitative analyses, the model equations are specified in linear functional form - in order to obtain analytic solutions. Theoretical analyses are confronted with the empirical verification of the constructed model. Not surprisingly, historical experience represented...
Má důchodová reforma se zadlužením smysl?
Has pension reform with indebtedness a sense?
Marek Loužek
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):247-260 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.556
The paper is concerned with pension reform in the Czech Republic and abroad. It argues against two opinions: on the one hand, that it is not necessary to do anything, and on the other hand, that a mandatory funded system should be implemented. Both approaches are false, because of creating overwhelming explicit debts. The author recommends an evolutionary approach founded upon decreasing of PAYG in combination with voluntary savings.
Ochrana životního prostředí v ekonomické teorii
Environmental protection in economic theory
Eliška Kotíková
Politická ekonomie 2006, 54(2):261-273 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.557
The paper shows the current state of environmental concerns in economic theory. Different economic schools have incorporated the environmental analysis into their theoretical framework. They use different presumptions, focus on different environmental aspects and come to diverse conclusions and political recommendations. However, there are many unclear frontiers between one another. This paper would like to help to understand these differences. It characterises and compares the main economic schools and theories. The paper focuses on environmental economics, ecological economics, new institutional economics, free market environmentalism, coevolutionary...