Politická ekonomie, 2004 (vol. 52), issue 3
Indikátory hlasovací síly v Evropské unii
Voting power indicators in the European union
Marek Loužek
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):291-312 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.461 
The article is concerned with voting indicators in the European Union. The first chapter constructs a model of voting power and defines four indicators: A. Simple relative power, B. Shapley-Shubik index, C. Banzhaf index, D. Coleman index. The second chapter defines data: the voting structure according the Nice Treaty and nine algorithms - variants of the EU enlargement. The third chapter summarizes empirical results. The fourth chapter discusses statistical relations between voting indicators. The fifth chapter brings conclusions.
Zahraniční investice a náchylnost k měnovým krizím: zkušenosti tranzitivních ekonomik
Foreign investment and perceptions of vulnerability to foreign exchange crises: evidence from transition economies
Josef C. Brada, Vladimír Tomšík
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):313-329 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.462
The article discusses different causes of financial crises and shows that the imputation of reinvested profits of the subsidiaries of foreign firms as a debit item on a host country's balance of payments account tends to overstate the current account deficit and to make the host country seem more vulnerable to financial crisis. It also shows that, because of the workings of the foreign direct investment financial life cycle, this phenomenon is most evident for countries that have recently received large inflows of capital. The transition economies of East Europe certainly fall among such countries. Authors verify the working of the foreign direct investment...
Zahraničnoobchodný efekt vstupu Slovenska do colnej únie Európskej únie
Foreign trade effect of Slovakia accession to the EU custom union
Richard Outrata, Michaela Gajdošová, Saleh Mothana Obadi
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):330-343 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.463
The paper deals with some aspects of foreign trade impact of EU's custom union accession of Slovakia. It issues from the Jacob Viner's hypothesis on trade creation and trade diversion, and proves this hypothesis through chosen instrumentarium. Analysis leads to conclusion that due to gradual removing of tariff trade barriers mainly of non-agricultural commodities in the framework of free trade area can lead not only to tendency of inter-industry, as Viner assumed, but still in more extent towards intra-industry trade tendency based on international technological specialization. This was the Slovakia's case. After the EU accession it is expected trade...
Stabilita čtvrtletních odhadů užití hrubého domácího produktu
Quarterly estimates of expenditures on gross domestic product and their stability
Jakub Fischer
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):344-355 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.464
The article is engaged in the improvement of quarterly information on the gross domestic product by type of expenditures from the first expectations to final data. It concludes that the first estimate of GDP is under-estimated. This underestimation is caused by underestimation of the final households consumption expenditures and of the gross fixed capital formation. At the balancing process, when the above-mentioned items of expenditures are under-estimated, the surplus of resources side could be allocated to the change in stock of inventories item. Thus this item contains the discrepancy between the resources side and expenditures side of GDP and...
Populační vývoj a ekonomická aktivita obyvatel České republiky v letech 1993 - 2002 a výhled do roku 2050
Demographic development and Czech labour supply in 1993 - 2002 and future prospects up to 2050
Radka Rutarová
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):356-374 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.465
The main object of this paper is to explain the significance of the key factors which determined the labour force of the Czech population in the period 1993 - 2002. These key factors are the age structure irregularities and the changes in the labour force participation rates by age. The first part is focused on the description of the demo- graphic development in the Czech Republic. The second one contains the analysis of the Czech labour force. The changes in the labour force participation rates by age had negative effect, while age structure irregularities had positive effect on labour supply in 1993 - 2002. But it is possible that in the near future...
Nové metodologické přístupy k tvorbě empirických modelů měnových krizí
New methodological approaches to the construction of currency crashes models
Michal Pazour
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):375-388 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.466
The large financial crises in the last decade have increased the interest of many economists in searching for some indicators, which can predict speculative attacks on currencies. Most of these studies concern on emerging economies, because they are more vulnerable to such speculative attacks. This paper points out main methodological issues of two standard approaches to the construction of the early warning system - the signal approach and the regression probit or logit model approach. Based on avoiding these issues alternative approaches have been evolved. Three of them - two regimes model, VAR model and Markov-switching model - are described in...
Vývoj teórií konkurencie, súťaživosti a protimonopolnej politiky
Eevolution of theories of competition, competitiveness and antimonopoly policy
Mária Tokárová
Politická ekonomie 2004, 52(3):389-410 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.467
The paper presents in contribution the development of theories and opinions about competition, competitiveness and antimonopoly policy. These topics are treated starting from the oldest time, e.g. from Aristotle, through antique world, early capitalism, A. Smith and the classical Ricardian tradition. She further discusses the ruinous competition and the origin of the first framework of anti-trust legislation at the break of 19th and 20th centuries, Marx's interpretation of concentration tendencies of capitalist development and his followers, the origin of imperfect competition, ordoliberalism and the system of neoliberal politics and at last the dynamic...