Politická ekonomie, 1999 (vol. 47), issue 4

Příprava české ekonomiky na vstup do Evropské unie a cenová konvergence

Convergence of the czech price level toward European union must be based on productivity

Stanislava Janáčková

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.53

In Czech economic strategy for EU accession, the difference of price levels is often cited as an important topic for macroeconomic policy. However, the key task is the convergence of Czech Republic's economic level (GDP per head) toward EU average. Convergence of the price level will be a side-effect accompanying the real convergence. At the end of 1998, Czech Republic's economic level was just over 60 % of EU average, while the relative price level was estimated at rouhly 43 %. Both real and price level convergence will require productivity increase in the CR, faster than that achieved by EU. Price level convergence not underpinned by productivity...

Dlouhodobá nezaměstnanost: další riziko české ekonomiky?

Long-term unemployment: a new problem of czech economy?

Marie Frýdmanová, Eva Zamrazilová

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.54

1997 was a turning point in the development of unemployment. The rate of unemployment grew steadily in 1998, in February 1999 reaching a record-high level in the history of unemployment in the Czech Republic: 8.3 %. Significant growth of long-term unemployment which is one of the most pressing problems on labour market, has been continuing since 1998. Czech labour market has been getting closer to standard labour markets; notable growth of long-term unemployment can therefore be expected in the next years.Up-to now Czech experience with long-term unemployment is rather limited. On the other hand, some of extensive West-European experience could...

Fiskální multiplikátor v malé otevřené ekonomice v režimu pevného měnového kursu

Fiscal multiplier in the small open economy under fixed exchange rates

Karel Brůna

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.55

This paper discusses theoretical aspects of the fiscal policy in the special economic system of the small open economy under fixed exchange rates. The author lays stress on the size of the fiscal multiplier as an analytical expression of the structure of this economy.The first part describes fiscal multiplier in the close economy, the second defines with more precision the open-economy fiscal multiplier and précis the final effects of national savings and their functions in the economy with context of the external balance and problems of the interest rates level, interest rates structure and demand for money in the context of high capital mobility...

Stabilní preference a proměnlivé restrikce - přístup Gary S. Beckera

Stable tastes and variable restrictions - G. S. Becker's approach

Mojmír Hampl

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.56

This article focuses on a critical evaluation of the G.S. Becker's approach in the field of tastes analysis. Becker in his recent work Accounting for Tastes (1997) came with the wholly new paradigm. While neoclassical economy treats the tastes like the so called "black box", it means like very unstable and unpredictable economic category, Becker offers absolutely different point of view. In his analysis, tastes are not exogenous in the neoclassical sense. Instead of treating them as exogenous off-an alysis category, he suggests treating them as a standard endogenous category it means as the subject of scientific investigation. According to this approach,...

Cena a produktivita práce v poľnohospodárstve - komparatívna výhoda lacnej prace

Price and labour productivity in agriculture - comparative advantage of cheap labour

Andrej Havrila

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.57

Recently is a "good" discussion about the labour costs (wages). By the example of agriculture we argue that there is no straightforward relations between the raise in productivity and wages. The number of labour work and the total costs of labour in agriculture decreased since 1989. The gross agricultural product (GAP) calculated by the index of agricultural prices (IAP) presents the change in GAP only, not the real value of GAP in CPI. Thus, the productivity per worker and per one SKK of labour costs increased steeply (200 % or 300 %).However, if the calculation of GAP is done by CPI, than the real GAP of 1996 decreased to one third of 1989 GAP....

Institucionalismus a nová institucionální ekonomie

Institutionalism and new institutional economics

Milan Sojka

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.58

This article concentrates on the development of institutional economic theories which have begun to study institutions and their role in the economic development and behavior since the very end of the 19th century. Institutional theories have been a critical reaction to the almost complete ignorance of institutions in the neoclassical economics. This reaction has manifested itself in two very different forms united by the persuasion that institutions play a fundamental role in forming economic behavior and in reaching specific economic performance, and that institutions change in time and frequently react to economic factors.Earlier American institutionalism...

Spor o metodu mezi Rakouskou ekonomickou školou a Německou historickou školou jako nejvýznamnější metodologický spor v dějinách ekonomie

Battle of methods between the Austrian school of economics and the German historical school as the most important methodological dispute in history of economics

Marek Loužek

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.59

The presented article is concerned with the Methodenstreit between the Austrian School of Economics and the German Historical School in 19th century. The Methodenstreit between the Austrians and Germans is considered the most important methodological dispute in economics. Three main topics of the argument are distinguished: a) dispute concerning a role of induction and deduction in economics, b) dispute about exact or empirical laws in economics and c) dispute about application of methodological individualism or methodological collectivism in economics and other social sciences. The solution of above-mentioned problems is presented by three participants...

K výuce makroekonomie na vybraných univerzitách v Německu, Rakousku a Švýcarsku

To teaching of macroeconomics at selected universities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Mojmír Helísek

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.60

Minulost, přitomnost a budoucnost řízení

The past, the present and the future of management

Jan Truneček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.61

Kniha veskrze současná

The very contemporary book

Jaroslav Daňhel

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.62

Postavení a úloha člověka jako úkol managementu

The position and the role of a man as the problem for management

Jiří Řezník

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.63

Návrh reformy elektroenergetického sektoru v České republice

The proposal of the electroenergy sector reform in the Czech republic

Miroslav Zajíček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.64

Management kvality v kostce

Management of the quality put in a nutschell

Jaromír Veber

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.65

Euro: aktuální příručka pro podnikatele

Euro: topical guide for businessmen

Martin Mandel

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.66