Politická ekonomie, 2002 (vol. 50), issue 4
Articles
Vývoj českých podniků v období transformace: stručný přehled
Development of czech firms during transition: an overview
Evžen Kočenda, Lubomír Lízal
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.370
Current Czech economic literature on transition lacks a comprehensive view on firms' development. Neither separate microeconomic studies nor macroeconomic stand alone provide complete picture of a real state of the economy. An excessive accent on macroeconomic figures may even be misleading to direct microeconomic development that may consequently result in deteriorating macroeconomic performance. To study how the firms evolve is an imperative to gain the knowledge on a course of economic transition as well as indispensable aid for future normative decisions. This paper aims to bring forth an up to date brief overview of previously conducted research,...
Strukturální a technologické charakteristiky české ekonomiky
Structural and technology characteristics of the czech economy
Anna Kadeřábková
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.371
Paper presents group of indicators highlighting qualitative (structural and technology) characteristics of transition economies, EU-candidates, within the framework of their economic performance. More detailed overview is presented for group of OECD-member transition countries for evaluation of their capacity of knowledge creation and diffusion. The comparisons were made to EU levels, more specifically to their maximum and minimum values. The indicators point to efficiency differences in factor utilization (labour force and particularly research and development inputs). Comparisons with Hungary highlight mostly unfavorable trends in the Czech Republic...
Modelování běžného účtu a jeho udržitelnost v případě České republiky
Modeling of current account and its sustainability in a case of the Czech Republic
Martin Melecký
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.372
In this paper I first discuss the group of potential determinants of current account development according to surveyed empirical and theoretical literature. In this respect I strive to introduce several alternatives of each variable effect on current account if it is possible. I follow with the formation of the current account model suitable for the Czech Republic. Estimating the model, I employ cointegration techniques ADL and JOH as vast majority of variables in this model is integrated of order I(1). I find significant and robust influence of the domestic economic growth, the stages of development hypothesis, the degree of openness of the economy...
Jsou obavy z apreciace Koruny opodstatněné?
Should we be concerned about appreciation of the Crown?
Otakar Turek
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.373
The OECD 1998 data analyzes shows close correlation between GDP per head and low relative price level concerning the transition and less developed economies. The correlation, however, is not a causual one. Both sides of the correlation are causually determined by the gap in qualitative properties of comodities, high transaction costs and an outsider position toward the multinational corporations. The theory of comparative advantages is not an adequate reflection of contemporary international trade. A theorem is valid: if the relative price levels of mutually trading countries are different and if each country is price-taker when importing and price-maker...
Teorie a praxe měření nadměrného daňového břemene
Measuring the excess burden of tax in theory and practice
Květa Kubátová
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.374
The article deals about the issue of inefficiency of tax systems expressed though the excess burden of tax. The aim is to give a review about various theories of excess burden of tax, namely Marshall's basic concept (draft), more general (global) idea of non-linear supply and demand (curves), Hicks' excess burden of tax and excess burden of tax with the condition of overall market equilibrium. Theories are valuated considering the reality of assumptions. There are explained possibilities and limits of various concepts (drafts) of excess burden of tax from the aspect of its quantification and there are also indicated implications for the government...
Model konkurenčního úvěrového trhu v podmínkách nedokonalých informací
A model of a competitive credit market in the conditions of imperfect information
Karel Janda
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.375
An information asymmetry in a credit market with a Bertrand competition among lenders leads to different inefficiencies depending on a type of the market. We analyse these inefficiencies in a stabilized market economy and in a transitive economy.
Consultations
Komparativní systémy, destruktivní obchod a spravedlivé rozdělování ve světě
Comparative systems, destructive trade and world distributive justice
Jaroslav Vanek
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.376
Using empirical evidence and theoretical analysis we show the fallacy of globalization through free international trade. A new and more comprehesive destructive trade analysis indicates that free international trade per se is likely to worsen world economic conditions and especially those of the poor majority of mankind. The dramatic gap estimated by UNDP between the rich and the poor of the world, and its continuing worsening over the past forty years, are both the cause and the effect of destructive trade. Thus it appears that free-trade globalization involves a state of instability and explosiveness.
Analýza a prognóza na základě modelů binární diskrétní volby
The analysis and prediction using binary discrete choice models
Roman Hušek, Jiřina Moravová
Politická ekonomie 2002, 50(4) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.377
In this paper probabilistic models have been proposed for learning and analysis about discrete choice behaviour. The first problem discussed in the article above is the specification and estimation of parameters of three models, the linear probability model and the nonlinear logit and probit models of binary choice. Some of the difficulties associated with the interpretation of the linear probability model suggest the usefulness of the nonlinear probability models. If only one or a few observations exist for each decisionmaker, maximum likelihood estimation is possible for the two models, logit and probit. When enough observations are available one...