Politická ekonomie, 2008 (vol. 56), issue 4

Articles

Ekonomický růst v České republice a nových členských zemích Evropské unie v období 1995-2006

Economic growth in the Czech Republic and new member states of the European Union in the period 1995-2006

Mojmír Hájek

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):435-448 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.646  

The paper examines the sources of economic growth in the ten new member states of the European Union (EU-10) and in previous member states (EU-15) as a whole. Special attention is devoted to the Czech republic, both from macroeconomic point of view and from the view of nine industries. For the analyses is used growth accounting method, where factors of production are labour, capital and total factor productivity. With the exception of the Czech Republic and EU-15 the reconstruction of capital stock was needed. We have used perpetual inventory method. The analyses has shown, that the main factor of economic growth in EU-10 was total factor productivity,...

Česká a slovenská ekonomika 15 let po rozdělení

The czech and slovak economy 15 years after the split

Růžena Vintrová

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):449-466 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.647  

The economic development of the Czech Republic and Slovakia after the split of former Czechoslovakia in 1993 shows some important differences, caused by different economic policy and the starting level. The convergence of the Slovak economic level to the Czech one was very fast after the World War II, due to the massive reallocation of resources (the transfer of resources in favour of Slovakia represented 11 % of the Slovak GDP). The Slovak economy adjusted to the lower economic level after the split by sinking real wages and by depreciation of the Slovak koruna, so that the ULC are now the lowest among the Central European countries. Slovakia enjoyed...

Kontrolní potenciál státu nad zprivatizovanými podniky

Control potential of the state in privatized firms

Jan Hanousek, Evžen Kočenda

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):467-483 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.648  

The privatization strategy in many transition economies involved the creation of a special government agency that administered state property during privatization programs as well as after the privatization was declared complete. The National Property Fund (FNM) was the agency in the Czech Republic. In many firms the state kept residual state property long after the privatization was completed. We analyze the control potential of the state exercised through the FNM via the control rights associated with capital stakes in firms along with special voting rights provided by law. Based on complete data set on assets as well as the means of control in privatized...

Rozpočtová pravidla a rozpočtový proces: Teorie, empirie a realita České republiky

Budgetary rules and budget process: Theory, empirics, and the case of the Czech Republic

Martin Gregor

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):484-504 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.649  

We survey theories of impacts of budgetary rules in the budget process, review empirical evidence and on the basis of comparative studies attempt to design the optimal shape of the Czech budgetary rules. The theoretical part focuses on conventional and non-intuitive effects of spending caps and spending targets under alternative electoral systems. The empirical part conveys a meta-analysis of five studies on fiscal governance in Central and Eastern European countries. The final part recommends changes in the Czech budget process.

Gnoseologické přístupy k daňové reformě v ČR

Gnoseology approach to the tax reform in the Czech Republic

Igor Kotlán

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):505-519 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.650  

This article presents the approach to the tax reform in the Czech Republic and uses the normative and the teleology theory view. The impulse of this text we can find in lame solution of the public finance reform, in which the elements of the basic methodology thinking are often missing there. This paper uses the texts and the ideas of great lawyers and economists Engliš and Weyr. The first of them derives benefit from the teleology theory, which is based on the relation between the effect and the instrument. The second one plays on normative approach to the noesis. This is based on research of the causality world and the normative world, so we can...

Význam forem učení pro inovační výkonnost

Models of learning in innovation performance

Anna Kadeřábková, Martin Cícha

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):520-535 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.651  

The paper evaluates innovative performance in terms of theoretical and methodological concept of learning economy applied to the EU countries. Implications of this assessment for quality-based competitiveness are also discussed, and the positions of EU countries are compared as to different sources of competitiveness (cost vs. knowledge-based advantage) and technology knowledge (internal innovative capacity vs. technology transfer). The theoretical and methodological concept of learning economy has so far not been applied to the new EU members. The paper starts with the introductory description of the key theoretical and methodological concepts and...

Consultations

Časové řady měsíční a roční míry inflace a jejich vlastnosti

Time series of monthly and yearly inflation rates and their properties

Josef Arlt, Milan Bašta

Politická ekonomie 2008, 56(4):536-556 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.652  

Monthly and yearly inflation rates can be understood as rates of dynamics of the basic inflation indicator i.e. the consumer price index. These indicators modify the original inflation information. It is important to analyze the difference of the consumer price index, monthly and yearly inflation rates, from the viewpoint of their frequency content, time lag and deformations. The theory of linear filtration and its representation in the frequency domain is used. Under particular assumptions, in the time series of yearly inflation rate there can be spurious cycles and high-frequency motions. The time series of yearly inflation rate lags behind the time...