Politická ekonomie, 2010 (vol. 58), issue 5

Articles

Lobbování v Evropské unii a v České republice

Lobbying in the European Union and Czech Republic

Šárka Laboutková, Milan Žák

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):579-595 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.748

The paper deals with lobbying in the EU and CR. The starting point is the selected definitions of lobbying and lobbying efforts to integrate into the broader context of promoting economic interests in society. The text therefore considers the criteria for defining lobbying, the defining of the environment for lobbying and the role of interest groups and tries to map the relevant literature on the topic. When you defi ne the issues of lobbying in the EU, the emphasis is on structural differences between the EU in terms of influence and being influenced and the bureaucratic apparatus throughout the countries. For various interest groups operating in...

Problémy obecné metodologie věd ovlivňují neuspokojivý stav ekonomické vědy

How Common Methodology Problems Affect the Unsatisfactory Status of Economic Science

Jaroslav Daňhel, Eva Ducháčková

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):596-607 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.749

The authors of the article point out that the theory of economics has failed to yield a solid theoretical background in such critical situations as the period of the current fi nancial and economic crisis and the transformation period of post-communist economies. Mainly present crisis opens the question of unsatisfactory status of economic science. While classical liberal or Keynesian concepts are failing, theorists cannot look to mathematical modelling for help. It seems that traditional concepts are malfunctioning. Financial market is particularly predisposed for this process. The use of mathematical model is overvalued. The article calls attention...

Kritický realismus: ontologická báze postkeynesovské ekonomie

Critical Realism as an Ontological Basis of Post-Keynesianism

Lukáš Kovanda

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):608-622 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.750

In the following text we introduce those approaches to the methodology of economics that are relevant from the perspective of post-Keynesianism. After a partially historical outline of philosophical and methodological stances of John Maynard Keynes and Nicholas Kaldor we attempt to shed some light on a more recent methodological concept, critical realism. This approach is in one way or in other influenced by the two economists' ideas in the realm, as well as some other post-Keynesians. We argue that this, originally heterodox, concept has had an ambition not only to operate as an alternative to the methodology of mainstream, orthodox economics, but...

Podnikání a ekonomický rozvoj: jaký je rozdíl mezi neorakouskou a novou institucionální ekonomií?

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: What is the Difference Between Austrian and New Institutional Approaches?

Ladislava Grochová, Tomáš Otáhal

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):623-640 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.751

What is the role of entrepreneurship in economic development from the perspective of neo-Austrian and new institutional economics and what is the difference between these approaches? Neo-Austrian economists claim that economic development is caused by entrepreneurial discovery. New institutional economists argue that structure of incentives determined by the institutional environment provides a guideline for entrepreneurial decision-making. Hence, an institutional environment that rewards rent-seeking does not provide opportunities for economic development. In this paper we offer a comparison of these approaches to show that both entrepreneurial discovery...

Výuka politických věd a ekonomické myšlení v první polovině devatenáctého století v českých zemích

Education of Political Economy and Economic Thought in the Czech Lands in the First Half of the 19th Century

Jaroslav Krameš

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):641-656 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.752

The synthesis of cameralism and the classical school of political economy was implemented on university premises in the Czech Lands as the education of Adam Smith was adopted. It was spread out by presentations of Wenzel Gustav Kopetz, the Professor of political economy at the University of Prague, and by professors of political economy at the Olomouc Lyceum (from 1827 at the University of Olomouc). A declining interest of the state in political economy reduced an interest in economic thinking which resulted in a considerable decrease of publishing activity. A certain toleration of authorities to the criticism of the officially prescribed Sonnenfels'...

Hodnocení smrtelných rizik na trhu práce: studie hedonické mzdy v ČR

The Valuation of Risks in the Labor Market: Hedonic Wage Study in CR

Jan Melichar, Milan Ščasný, Jan Urban

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):657-674 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.753

This study investigates the relationship between wages and risks of work-related fatalities in the Czech labour market. To prove this relationship, we followed the theory of compensating wage differentials and the theory of hedonic prices. Using data from 2007 Czech labour survey, we econometrically derived three hedonic wage functions. To estimate mortality risks premiums, two of hedonic wage functions used objective measures of fatality risk, one subjectively perceived risk. We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between wages and occupational fatality risks in all three models. The estimated effect was lower for hedonic function...

Consultations

Vývoj metod komplexního hodnocení výkonnosti podniku

Development of Methods for Comprehensive Evaluation of Business Performance

Marek Vochozka

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):675-688 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.754

There is need for stakeholders to assess business in terms of its financial situation at each stage of an enterprise. There are plentiful options. You can use the analysis of financial ratios and different Benchmarking methods. It seems advantageous to use methods of comprehensive evaluation of the company from the perspective of interpretation. The resulting value can be clearly classified in the appropriate interval, and thus can predict the future of the company. Most currently used methods for comprehensive evaluation of the company were founded on the basis of mathematical- statistical methods. Contribution analyzes models most frequently mentioned...

Protestantská etika a duch kapitalismu

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Marek Loužek

Politická ekonomie 2010, 58(5):689-704 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.755

The paper is concerned with the famous study "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" (1904/1905) by Max Weber. It analyzes both main content and context of this work. It is shown that the main idea of the "Protestant Ethic" is not originally one of Weber, but it was taken over from Sombart and Troeltsch. Weber was significantly influenced - similarly as in his other works - by his environment and contemporaries. The article describes critical reactions of German historians towards "Protestant Ethic" and reserved attitudes of the Catholics.

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