Politická ekonomie, 1999 (vol. 47), issue 6

Povinné minimální rezervy (likvidita, měnová politika a dopad na státní rozpočet)

Reserve requirements (liquidity, monetary policy, and the impact on the state budget)

Zbyněk Revenda

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.83

Reserve requirements has been part of the monetary policy instruments of banking in many countries including member countries of European Monetary Union and Czech Republic, too. But maintaining reserve requiremnts needs a contemporary rationale, no matter what their original purposes may have been. The obvious reasons to maintain reserve requiremets are to regulate bank liquidity, to conduct monetary policy (regulation of the money multiplier or short-term interest rates) and to pay the special "tax" to the state budget. This article deals especially with the third reason but the liquidity and monetary policy are also discussed. All three rationales...

Makroekonomické dopady kapitálové přiměřenosti bank

Macroeconomic impacts of capital adequacy

Josef Jílek, Jiřina Jílková

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.84

The paper reviews capital requirements in some developed countries and in the Czech Republic. Capital requirements in the Czech Republic was introduced in 1994. Capital ratio of the group of foreign banks permanently exceeds 13 % while the group of large and small banks has problems. There is excessive volume of credits in the Czech banking sector. Many developing countries and emerging markets decided to follow inflationary solution of bad credits, but not Czech Republic. Due to the lowering of inflation (or even deflation) in the Czech Republic bad credits have not been solved yet. It seems that they will be transferred into some state agency. The...

Úvod do teorie optimálního měnového prostoru

Introduction into the theory of optimum currency areas

Martin Petráš

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.85

The study provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the Optimum Currency Area theory up to date. It first concentrates on examination of the broader discussion on different exchange rate regimes and their appropriateness for different economies. It then turns to the basic issue of the theory - to determine and study the preconditions which countries (or regions) aspiring to join a monetary union must fulfill in order to ensure that they will benefit from joining rather than be affected adversely. This study presents a critical evaluation of these preconditions by including the most recent developments in the study of the respective areas....

Efektivnost české sociální politiky

Effectiveness of the czech social policy

Tomáš Sirovátka

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.86

The Czech social policy in the 1990s has been oriented mainly by given economic possibilities and pragmatic political considerations. Thus there are permanently important but rather hidden objectives that can be traced in the social policy development so far: legitimacy ("social acceptability of the reform"), non-increasing, or restricted social expenditure and in consistency with both objectives the intention to eliminate the risk of potential poverty.In the following analysis we are concerned with the question of the social policy effectiveness in terms of poverty elimination. We use the hypothesis of targeting, selectiveness and progressively...

Vlastnická dimenze společenské odpovědnosti

Dimensions of owners' social responsibility

Václav Klusoň

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.87

The individual - in terms of its different social functions and its roles as the owner - is a constituent part of wider social environment (society), which, on the one side, gives him a guarantee for clearly defined rights and, on the other, obtains the owner's promise of meeting certain obligations. According to the growth of accumulated wealth, the number of feasible (admissible) variants of behaviour of individuals increases, thus giving rise to the real freedom of an individual with the consequent requirement of enlarging its social duties and responsibilities. In order to be implemented, the responsibility postulate has to be operationalized however....

Zkreslení dat v českém obchodu

Biases in czech trade data

Jan Hanousek, Richard Podpiera

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.88

The goal of this article is to identify and quantify biases in the reporting of Czech foreign trade data. We investigate the pattern of exports and imports trade reporting and revisions. Our conclusion is that, even though exports and imports are reported relatively precisely, the cumulation of errors makes the adjustments of trade balance significant. This is true especially after the CZK was floated in mid - 1997, at which time the precision of reporting deteriorated significantly. In the period after mid - 1997 the actual trade deficit was almost 10 % narrower than the originally reported figure.

František Ladislav Rieger - zakladatel české ekonomické literatury

František Ladislav Rieger - a founder of czech economic literature

Jaroslav Krameš

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.89

In the Czech society, the tradition of modern economic theory written in the Czech language was started by František Ladislav Rieger (1818 - 1903). He laid foundations of the Czech economic terminology in his work. He can be called a founder of modern economic literature written in Czech. He presented a complex view of economic liberalism and its role in society development at that time. He was convinced that free competition connected with industrial revolution was a guarantee of affluence growth in the society, of decreasing prices, growth of the consumption of the population, and mainly of working people. Free competition is the main lever of progress....

Privatizace ve zdravotním průmyslu USA

Privatization in the american health care industry

Tomáš Macháček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.90

This paper tries to answer the question concerning the roots of the successful drive for efficiency in the American health care industry in an age of "managed care". This process and its outcomes has become the cause of large tax conversions and ownership changes in the industry during the last 6 years, these changes are largely documented. Final discussion outlines the potential consequences on both the American health care industry itself and the health care industry in Europe. Mentioned are the following consequences: increasing efficiency of health care industry investment in the U.S.; gradual solving of the problem of the uninsured; expansion...

Dezinflace a měnová politika

Disinflation and monetary policy

Vratislav Izák

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.91

Světová konference o operačním výzkumu

World conference on operational research

Petr Fiala

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.92

XVII. konference Lames v Mexiku

17th conference Lames in Mexico

Václava Pánková

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.93

Nová střednědobá strategie pro oblast průmyslu a obchodu ČR

New short-term strategy for industry and trade

Petr Soukup

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.94

Nová učebnice o centrálním bankovnictví

A new textbook of central banking

Martin Mandel

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.95

Vývoj a otevřené problémy Evropské unie

Development and open problems of the European union

Petr Soukup

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.96

Oceňování přírodních zdrojů

Evaluation of natural resources

Antonín Dvořák

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.97

Jak vytvářet budoucnost

How to create the future

Jan Truneček

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.98

Poválečný vývoj ekonomického systému v Japonsku

Postwar development of economic system in Japan

Jiří Dědina

Politická ekonomie 1999, 47(6) | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.99