Politická ekonomie, 2005 (vol. 53), issue 6
Friedrich von Wiesers's theory of socialism: A magnificent failure
Samuel Bostaph
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):723-732 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.533 
This paper examines Friedrich von Wieser's theory of the socialist or communist planned economy. It identifies in Wieser's Law of Power (1926) the abiding interests that stimulated his attempt to use Carl Menger's theory of subjective value to present a theory of socialism, first in Natural Value (1889) and later in Social Economics (1914). It discusses his conception of a unit of marginal utility, or "natural value," as the basic unit of economic calculation in his imputation theory and his use of that building block in his consequent theory of production and distribution in a socialist economy. Lastly, it argues that Wieser's theory attempts to socially...
Makroekonomické aspekty porodnosti
Macroeconomic aspects of fertility
Marek Loužek
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):733-746 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.534
The paper is concerned with macroeconomic aspects of fertility. Second section starts by outlining the role of population in the history of economic thought, and continues by examining the theory of demographic transition. The fourth section explores the relation between population and economic growth, distinguishing theoretical approaches and empirical research. The fifth section examines the relation between the birth rate and death rate. The sixth section makes insights into the interdependence of fertility and business cycles. The seventh section takes the fiscal effects of population development into account.
Vztah deficitu běžného účtu platební bilance a rozpočtového deficitu - analýza panelových dat
The relationship of budget deficit and current account balance - panel data analysis
Josef Arlt, Markéta Arltová
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):747-764 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.535
Panel data are increasingly being used in both macro- and micro-level studies of economic problems. Macro-panel data (i denotes countries) are characteristic by sufficiently long time series to be able to analyze panel spurious regression and panel cointegration. According to the main stream of the economic theory the budget deficits leads to deterioration in the current account balance. The panel long-run causal relation is examined in the case of the four groups of countries. For the Granger causality test the panel cointegration analysis is needed. The panel cointegration relationships were not found in any case. Some similarities in the panels...
Principy modelů nové ekonomické geografie
Principles of new economic geographic models
Michal Andrle
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):765-780 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.536
In this short paper there will be introduced the stream of economic theory labelled as the New Economic Geography (NEG) and derived the core-periphery model, a flagship of the NEG. It is a model of two regions with imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, where some properties of the model contrast certain features of basic neoclassic models of regional economics and international trade. The role of monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale opens the possibility of highly nonlinear effects of production location with respect to barriers of trade. I analyze main mechanisms of the model and discuss the relevance of the NEG...
Sklon k spotrebe v sektore domácností na Slovensku
Propensity to consume in household sector in Slovakia
Anna Vladová
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):781-791 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.537
Slovakia is one of the countries with the highest and fastest propensity to consume in sector of households. In the development of propensity to consume we can distinguish the period of forced increase in consumer preferencies and the period of voluntary increase. The forced increase was a result of one-off shortfall in the gross disposable income or the catching-up process in consumption after previous restriction a year before. The voluntary intertemporal substitution in consumption was affected by the expansion of supranational retail chains, massive dwelling transfer to private property, starting-up of housing loans, development of mandatory and...
Subregionalismus v EU a APEC
Subregionalism in EU and APEC
Eva Cihelková, Pavel Hnát
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):793-809 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.538
As a consequence of the new regionalism a marked increase in the number of regional groupings can be observed which makes the preferential relations between states even more complicated and complex. One of such complex relationships, which did not come to being during the third wave of regionalism but was strongly supported by it, is subregionalism - simply said, overlapping of regional integrations. The aim of this comparative study is to analyze a current state and development of subregionalism within two region-wide integrations - the European Union (EU) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - and on the basis of this analysis to compare...
Teoretické koncepce hospodářské soutěže
Theoretical concepts of economic competition
Patrik Paneš
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):811-825 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.539
This paper describes the main theoretical concepts of the competition, which is thought to be the fundamental social process in the economy. The protection of competition (or the competition policy) is the one of the most important parts of economic policy, because the competition ensures the freedom of choice. The theory of competition provides large number of assumptions, which were developed within the frame of various economic schools and approaches. This paper starts with the description of the history of competition policy before the coming of Adam Smith. In the middle part of the work there have been formulated basic ideological theses about...
Procesy globalizace ve světové ekonomice
Processes of globalization in the world economy
Pavel Breinek
Politická ekonomie 2005, 53(6):826-841 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.540
The objective of this article is to provide a survey of basic facts about process of globalization. We can define globalization as the international economic integration through particular markets. Globalization is largely continual and objective process that began approximately in the middle of nineteenth century. Main factors determining globalization are technology and liberalization and also "desire of people to participate in globalization". On the other hand globalization reinforces these factors. Within globalization we can also see two following processes. The essence of the first one is centralization and concentration of production and capital...