Současná Evropa 2015, 2015(2):125-144

Komparativní výhody zemí V4 a Německa - porovnání sektorů podle míry kvalifikace pracovní síly a technologické intenzity

Ondřej Sankot

Tento článek porovnává komparativní výhody zemí Visegrádské čtyřky a Německa. Komparovány jsou čtyři agregované ekonomické sektory, lišící se vyžadovanou mírou kvalifikace pracovní síly a technologické intenzity. Cílem je zjistit míru a dynamiku růstu komparativní výhody v sektorech s vyšší přidanou hodnotou v zemích V4. Z analýzy vyplývá pozvolný posun k exportu vyšší přidané hodnoty v případě České republiky, Maďarska a Slovenska, vyznačující se poklesem komparativní výhody u sektorů s nižší přidanou hodnotou, tj. sektorů náročných na pracovní sílu a sektorů vyžadujících nízkou kvalifikaci pracovní síly. Tyto země zároveň vykazovaly nízký růst komparativní výhody u sektorů vyžadujících vysokou kvalifikaci pracovní síly, nicméně pouze do vzniku evropské dluhové krize. Polsko se od ostatních zemí V4 liší, posun směrem k exportu vyšší přidané hodnoty je minimální.

Keywords: komparativní výhody, kvalifikace pracovní síly, technologická intenzita, Česká republika, Maďarsko, Polsko, Slovensko, Německo

Comparative Advantages of Visegrad Four Countries and Germany - A Comparison of Sectors According to the Workforce Qualification and Technology-Intensity

This article compares comparative advantages of Visegrad Four countries and Germany. Four aggregated economic sectors based on different requirements on the workforce qualification and technology-intensity are being compared. The main aim is to ascertain the degree and speed of changes in V4 export structures towards export of higher value added. According to the executed analysis, there is a gradual shift towards export of higher value added in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. This shift is characterized by decrease in comparative advantage in labour intensive and low-skill manufactures. Those countries demonstrated also low growth in comparative advantage in high skill and technology intensive manufactures, however, only until the outbreak of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Poland differs from the other V4 countries, the shift towards export of higher value added is at marginal level.

Keywords: comparative advantage, labour force qualification, technology-intensity, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Germany
JEL classification: F11, F14, F41

Published: December 1, 2015  Show citation

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Sankot, O. (2015). Comparative Advantages of Visegrad Four Countries and Germany - A Comparison of Sectors According to the Workforce Qualification and Technology-Intensity. Contemporary Europe, 2015(2), 125-144
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