Statistické usuzování v analýze kategoriálních dat

This thesis introduces statistical methods for categorical data. These methods are especially used in social sciences such as sociology, psychology and political science, but their importance has increased also in medical and technical sciences. In the first part there is mentioned statistical inference for a proportion. Here is written about classical, exact and Bayesian methods for estimating and hypothesis testing. If we have a large sample then we can approximate exact distribution by normal distribution but if we have a small sample cannot use this approximation and it is necessary to use discrete distribution which makes inference more complicated. The second part deals with two categorical variables analysis in contingency tables. Here are explained measures of association for 2 x 2 contingency tables such as difference of proportion and odds ratio and also presented how we can test independence in the case of large sample and small one. If we have small sample we are not allowed to use classical chi-squared tests and it is necessary to use alternative methods. This part contains variety of exact tests of independence and Bayesian approach for the 2 x 2 table too. In the end of this part there is written about a table for two dependent samples and we are interested whether two variables give identical results which occurs when marginal proportions are equal. In the last part there are methods used on data and discussed results.