Rozvoj tvůrčího myšlení jedince v procesu kognitivní činnosti

This thesis is devoted to the development of creative thinking. The main objectives of the work are to identify, define and justify the psychological factors, stages and qualitative characteristics of creative thinking. Show through practical experiments that specially organized cognitive activity leads to the development of creative thinking through the development of its qualitative properties. In my work I analyze in detail the concept of creativity, creative thinking, and cognitive activity in terms of different scientific approaches. One important aspect is the detailed functional analysis of the process of creative thinking and cognitive activity. Cognitive activity in the context of my work is discussed as a functional space for the development of creative thinking. During the practical part by experimental work we confirm the hypothesis that the development of individual qualitative characteristics of creative thinking during a specially organized cognitive activity leads to the overall development of creative thinking. Practical work includes preparation and adaptation of Torrance figural test of creative thinking to identify creative potential, preparation of exercises and tasks for the development of each property of creative thinking, preparing a presentation to familiarize students with concepts: creativity, creative thinking, cognitive activity and the capacity to distinguish psychical phenomena influencing the creative thinking. Creating an appropriate atmosphere for the development of emotionally-positive attitude of students to the process of creative thinking. Ensuring an impact of detected psychological factors through the implementation of certain conditions. Carrying out classes targeted to the development of individual qualitative characteristics of creative thinking in the 5th, 6th and 7th classes of elementary school Janského. By creating a control and experimental groups we provide the ability to track changes in the practical section. After comparing and analyzing the results we can make the conclusion that the specially organized cognitive activity leads to the development of creative thinking. Own contribution of the work lies in the fact that the effect of each identified, evidence-based psychological factor in the development of creative thinking of individual is guaranteed due to creation of certain conditions to initiate and activate this process, while developing each of the four qualitative characteristics of creative thinking takes place gradually. The research results can be used in the practice of educational institutions to create a comprehensive program targeted to develop creative thinking and the implementation of this framework program in the school education process. During writing this thesis we used the following methods: a theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature, examined the practical experience on the subject. Developing creative thinking of individual during cognitive activity was studied using experimental tests of J. Guilford, E.P. Torrance and others. The work consists of two parts. First, more theoretically oriented part, is divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with definitions of basic terms, describes the process of creative thinking and its stages. The second chapter deals with the revelation of psychological factors and phenomena influencing the process of creative thinking and functional analysis. Second, practically oriented part, deals with the preparation of tests and tasks targeted to the development of individual qualities of creative thinking, practical implementation of research among primary school pupils and analysis of the results.