Filosofická východiska vybraných přístupů k umělé inteligenci – vtělená mysl a jazyk

This thesis is dealing with question of philosophical roots of a few selected approaches to the artificial intelligence (AI). The goal of this thesis is to examine a question, whether bigger focus on embodiment and linguistic character of human thought can offer a better foundation for the artificial intelligence. Author declares his scholarly motivation for AI research, which offers a good option for studying human mind. The thesis first compares traditional approach to the AI with philosophy of René Descartes. It shows that traditional AI is founded on the basis of dualistic distinction between body and mind, which was proposed by Descartes. Then author introduces an approach of embodied AI, i.e. branch of robotics founded by Rodney Brooks. It latter was a starting point for reactive agents. The thesis shows connections between this approach and phenomenology of the 20th century, mainly then of Edmund Husserl Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Second part of the thesis deals with question of language. It shows that traditional AI thinks of mind as logical structure, which corresponds with early philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the neopositivist school. Author then proposes as an interesting possibility for future AI research the philosophical concepts of language games of late Wittgenstein, hermeneutical approach to language represented by Hanse-Georg Gadamer, and dialogical philosophy of Martin Buber.