Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jitka Bartošová
Title: Probability Model of Income Distribution in the Czech Republic
Abstract: Probability modeling may be approached in several principally different ways. One of such possibilities to achieve the aim is approximation of empirical distribution by means of an already known distribution (i.e. a parametric model). This paper focuses first on description of methods that may be used for modeling in practice and further on construction and verification of validity of one of present models of income distribution in the Czech Republic - logarithm-normal model with three parameters.
Keywords: income distribution, probability model, validity of the model
Classification-JEL: G30
Pages: 7-12
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=30.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/30
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:30:p:7-12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zuzana Fíglová
Title: Econometric Analysis of Panel Data Applied to Household Characteristics
Abstract: Panel data are specific data where cases are observed at two or more time periods. This approach brings many advantages: larger dataset, decreasing collinearity between exogenous variables and using advanced econometric models. The panel data models were applied to data from the Household Budget Surveys 2000-2004 carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in order to analyze choice behavior of households. The data on households included demographic characteristics of individuals, housing, household amenities, net income, and opinions of households about their own socioeconomic situation. We analyzed the role of income as a determinant of PC ownership and its development through the observed period by using three static econometric models with panel data.
Keywords: binary choice model, panel data, household budget survey, durable goods
Classification-JEL: C23, C25
Pages: 13-19
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=32.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/32
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:32:p:13-19

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roman Hušek
Author-Name: Radka Švarcová
Title: Modifying IS-MP-IA Model for the Czech Economy
Abstract: Modifying IS-MP-IA model by using EU economic characteristics allows for better interpretation of the results. Specifically, from the point of view of the IS and MP curves we obtain useful information about the influence of EU economy on the Czech economy (i.e. on its GDP). We may conclude that the GARCH methodology seems to be a suitable tool for estimation of modified IS-MP-IA model and for subsequent anticipation expected development of basic macroeconomic variables, relevant for the Czech economy after its accession to EU.
Keywords: IS-MP-IA model, GARCH methodology, Maastricht criteria
Classification-JEL: C22, E50, F36
Pages: 20-26
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=34.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/34
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:34:p:20-26

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eva Jarošová
Author-Name: Pavel Zimmermann
Title: Analysis of Dispersion Effects for Robust Design
Abstract: Robust design reduces excessive process variation. Identification of dispersion effects plays an important role in it. Two main approaches are used to analyze the experiment where levels of noise factors are changed on purpose. Either the function of sample variance computed from replications over various levels of the noise factors, or response values themselves are modelled. The presence of heteroscedasticity may complicate the identification of dispersion effects. The aim of the simulation study described in the paper was to compare various ways of modelling heteroscedasticity and the efficiency of both main approaches. We confined ourselves to the assumption of normal random errors and used the t-test to identify the dispersion effects.
Keywords: dispersion effects, heteroscedasticity, generalized linear model
Classification-JEL: G30
Pages: 27-35
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=35.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/35
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:35:p:27-35

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jana Kahounová
Title: Estimation of Survival Function
Abstract: In the past decade applications of the statistical methods for survival data analysis have been extended beyond biomedical and reliability research to other fields. The term survival data has been used in a broad sense for data involving time to a certain event such a failure, response, death and so on. Survival times are subjected random variations and like any random variable, they form a distribution. The ability to estimate a survival distribution in the presence of censoring is important and has been studied extensively. This paper is concerned with estimators of survival function. If one is not willing to make parametric assumptions about the exact form of the underlying survival and censoring distributions but is willing to assume independence between survival and censoring variables, Kaplan and Meier provided an estimator which is consistent, among other desirable properties.
Keywords: survival analysis, survival function, censored observations
Pages: 36-44
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=36.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/36
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:36:p:36-44

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanislav Klazar
Author-Name: Barbora Slintáková
Author-Name: Slavomíra Svátková
Author-Name: Martin Zelený
Title: Incidence of the VAT Rates Harmonisation in the Czech Republic
Abstract: This paper reports results of the research concerning incidence of the value added tax in the Czech Republic over the period 1993-2004. The aim of our research was to analyse the impact of the harmonisation of the VAT rates connected with the entry of the Czech Republic into the EU on the distribution of the tax burden among households with different attributes including income. In our analysis we used 2004 Household Budget Survey data on consumption expenditures and various households ́ attributes. Considerable issue of our research was to estimate the VAT burden for each household in the statistical survey before and after the entry into the EU. We found out that the VAT burden of Czech households increased after the VAT rates harmonisation. Important result of our analysis was that the Czech VAT is progressive. The progressivity of the VAT is probably caused by a design of the tax when different items of household consumption are taxed at different rates including exemptions. Moreover, we found out that the Czech VAT was more progressive when the VAT was introduced than in time of the accession to the EU.
Keywords: VAT, tax incidence, progressivity of taxation, DPH, dopad daně, progresivita zdanění
Classification-JEL: H22, H23
Pages: 45-56
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=37.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/37
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:37:p:45-56
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/37

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivana Malá
Title: Nonparametric Estimate of the Distribution of the Time of Unemployment
Abstract: In the article the length of unemployment in the Czech Republic is treated. A nonparametric estimate of its survival function is constructed using maximum likelihood estimation for the groups of men and women and both groups are compared. The positive influence of education on the length of unemployment is illustrated. Data describing the unemployed were gathered by the labour force sample survey organized by the Czech Statistical Office in years 2000-2004.
Keywords: nonparametric estimation, censored data, maximum likelihood estimate
Classification-JEL: C24
Pages: 57-62
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=38.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/38
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:38:p:57-62

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luboš Marek
Title: Spectral Properties of Stationary Models
Abstract: The content of this paper is characterization the spectral properties of stationary models - namely autoregression model AR(p), model of moving averages MA(q) and mixed models ARMA(p,q). There is the clear relationship between spectral density and autocorrelation function of these stationary models. The spectrum has the typical shape for different models. This shape depends on sign of parameters. On other side, from shape of spectrum we cannot derive the accurate type of model, because the different models have the similar shape of spectrum. But the shape of spectrum is very important complementary information that can through many things prompt.
Keywords: stationary models, spectral density, spectrum
Classification-JEL: G30
Pages: 63-70
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=39.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/39
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:39:p:63-70

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Novák
Title: Panel Data Analysis
Abstract: This article takes focus on the main basic elements of panel data analysis, fixed effects and random effects models, dynamic panel data models. The last part of this article is about possibilities of testing panel data unit roots with a notice about the usage of the application software and special languages in the area of panel data.
Keywords: panel data analysis, dynamic panel data model, panel data unit roots
Classification-JEL: G30
Pages: 71-78
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=40.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/40
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:40:p:71-78

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Václava Pánková
Title: Econometric Models with Panel Data
Abstract: Panel data are a result of repeating observations of a group of units, e.g. households, firms, but also whole economies with some common characteristics as EU15, transition economies a . s. o. So, more details are available enabling to analyze a changing economic structure and its reasoning. Specific techniques can be chosen to deal with short time series what in case of Czech Republic, and other relatively new markets, can be very helpful. Most part of empirical applications corresponds with random or fixed effect models, respective. To each of this type appropriate methods relate. An exact choice between both effects can be done by the help of Hausman test.
Keywords: panel data, random / fixed effects model, short time series, Hausman test
Classification-JEL: C23
Pages: 79-85
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=41.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/41
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:41:p:79-85

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iva Pecáková
Title: Logistic Regression with Categorical Dependent Variable
Abstract: The regression model with categorical dependent variable is a natural generalization of the model with binary dependent variable. It is based on the use of baseline logits. For its building and for the evaluation of its quality, analogous procedures to the case of binary dependent variable are applied. When the categories of dependent variable are ordered (ordinal variable) the construction of model can be based on adjacent or cumulative logits or on proportional odds. The way of building of the model influences the meaning and the interpretation of its parameters.
Keywords: categorical dependent variable, logistic regression, logit models
Classification-JEL: G30
Pages: 86-96
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=42.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/42
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:42:p:86-96

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslav Plašil
Author-Name: Petr Vlach
Title: Visual Analysis of Multivatiate Data
Abstract: The article presents and investigates new possibilities of multivariate data visualization and their analytical convenience. We demonstrate elementary principles, algorithms and graphical outputs of modern visualization methods with particular focus on Bertin matrices, RADVIZ, Projection pursuit and parallel coordinates. Illustrative examples show their practical implementation into the process of multivariate data analysis, hence providing the reader with an idea of the wide range of their application.
Keywords: multivariate data visualization, Bertin matrix, RADVIZ, Projection pursuit, parallel coordinates
Classification-JEL: C61, C81, C88
Pages: 97-113
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=43.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/43
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:43:p:97-113

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiří Trešl
Author-Name: Dagmar Blatná
Title: Modelling of Stock Returns Time-Series
Abstract: In the study submitted, selected methods of financial time-series analysis are applied to daily returns of the most liquid stocks at Czech capital market. In most cases, symmetric GARCH(1,1) models are quite satisfactory. Further, ARFIMA models enabling to catch "long memory" of underlying processes are suitable for the modelling both absolute values of returns and their volatility. Alternative posibility is to employ bilinear models, which prove to be suitable namely for returns. Hurst exponents computed signalize some tendency to cycles creation in some cases (ČEZ, Unipetrol).
Keywords: financial time-series, stock returns, GARCH models
Classification-JEL: C22
Pages: 114-120
Volume: 2007
Issue: 1
Year: 2007
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=44.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/44
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2007:y:2007:i:1:id:44:p:114-120