Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Štěpánka Zemanová Author-Name: Zuzana Trávníčková Title: Interests and principles in foreign policy Abstract: The foreign policy of a sovereign state is a complicated decision-making process. Both security and economic interests of the state as well as its long-term values (more likely values of a moral nature) must be taken into account here. The paper deals with the relation between economic and trade policy (representing interests) on the one hand and human rights protection and promotion (representing principles) on the other. Basic conflicts between economic interests and other principles that have to be considered in decision-making are analysed. Furthermore, their role in foreign policy formation is examined. Finally, the paper draws attention to methodical problems of the analysis of the relation between interests and principles. Keywords: Foreign policy, Human rights, International trade Classification-JEL: F13, F50 Pages: 3-26 Volume: 2009 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=1.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/1 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2009:y:2009:i:1:id:1:p:3-26 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Šimíková Title: EU: Can federalism become the chief integration theory? Abstract: Federation is one type of state characterised by a contractual and constitutional structure, multilevel power redistribution, a written constitution, and duality of power. Federalism is a philosophy and a political instrument enabling a federation to function. The principle of federalism is an aggregation of cultural, social, economic, linguistic, and intellectual disparities within a federation. Federalism can become a mainstream integration theory: the present MLG can be defined as an umbrella theory based on the federalist principles. The EU can be defined as a specific type of evolving, decentralised federation. Finally, fiscal federalism can provide EU policy with a significant instrument. Keywords: federalism, fiscal federalism, European Union, integration Classification-JEL: H11, H69, H77 Pages: 27-44 Volume: 2009 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=2.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/2 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2009:y:2009:i:1:id:2:p:27-44 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Vošta Title: Global changes and new trends within the territorial structure of the oil, gas a Abstract: The development of power engineering in the last decades has corresponded to the rapidly growing demand for primary energy in the world. The economic, political and environmental problems which arise in connection to the exploitation and processing of primary energy resources has taken on a global dimension. The increased use of oil and natural gas has had a very important multiplication effect on the world economy. It has caused changes in the structure as well as the location of the power industry and in other industries, namely chemical and transportation. The important moments of the last decade which have influenced the total consumption of primary energy were namely the increasing energy demand in Eastern Europe, South-East Asia, India, China, and Latin America. In the developing regions the important drivers of the demand have been the development of industrial production and continuing population pressure. In Eastern Europe it is necessary to stress the connection between increasing living standards and the development of small and medium enterprises. A very strong regional differentiation is characteristic for the entire power engineering sector . The deposits of energy resources, namely of oil and natural gas, their extraction, consumption and processing are characterized by significant territorial imbalances. For example, the OPEC countries are assumed to dispose of approximately 80% of the world reserves of oil and they have a 40% share in the total world production, but their own consumption is substantially lower. A similar imbalance also exists in the case of natural gas. The basic development tendency in the territorial structure of the extraction and consumption of both oil and natural gas will be a constantly deepening asymmetry between the extraction, processing and consumption. Keywords: localization changes, oil, natural gas, coal, prospects, new trends Classification-JEL: Q3 Pages: 45-59 Volume: 2009 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=3.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/3 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2009:y:2009:i:1:id:3:p:45-59 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Sýkora Title: Economic policy of Angola and development of its national economy Abstract: The article describes the state and development of Angolan economy. From being one of the strongest economies in Africa, Angola was transformed by long-term civil conflict into debris of its former fame. Fortunately, the fighting has finished a few years ago and fortunately again, Angola is rich in natural resources, above all in oil. This article looks at the recent developments of Angolan economy and the lack of government's good will and capacity to use the vast and growing oil revenue for the benefit of national economy. Thanks to the situation of world oil market Angolan government can easily push aside the international calls for reforms and transparency and access sufficient financial resources from the likes of China. Still, there is a hope Angolan government will yield under the international pressure and reform its macroeconomic policies. This is the premise for returning to Angola's former economic shape. Keywords: economic policy, fiscal policy, international relations Classification-JEL: E66, O55, Q38 Pages: 60-77 Volume: 2009 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=4.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/4 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2009:y:2009:i:1:id:4:p:60-77 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakub Rákosník Title: Unemployment care in Weimar Germany - international perspective Abstract: The article deals with the German obligatory unemployment insurance (so-called AVAVG, enacted in 1927) in the interwar period. This scheme replaced an older system, introduced in 1918, based on monetary provisions distributed under means-tests and financed from taxes. The prospective unemployment rate was underestimated. Because of this fact the insurance scheme had the serious trouble of showing a deficit. Financing became an important issue in the political struggle among political parties, and governments were not able to enforce any fundamental curative reform of this scheme before 1933. Keywords: unemployment, unemployment insurance, welfare state, Weimar Republic Classification-JEL: I38, J65 Pages: 78-88 Volume: 2009 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/download.php?jnl=aop&pdf=5.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/aop/5 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlaop:v:2009:y:2009:i:1:id:5:p:78-88 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlaop/references/5