Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej Machek Title: Editorial Pages: 3-4 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/302/182 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/302/182 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:175:p:3-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mihaela Vancea Author-Name: Mireia Utzet Title: Does Unemployment and Precarious Employment Lead to Increasing Entrepreneurial Intentions among Young People? Results from a Survey-Based Study in Spain Abstract: The article explores the relationship between unemployment and precarious employment, and young people’s entrepreneurial intentions in Spain. We focus on the effects of employment conditions and experience on young people’s intentions to start their own business or become selfemployed. The role of socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors such as perceived self-efficacy and desirability as well as risk taking were also analyzed. The analyses were based on a cross-sectional representative sample, corresponding to the year 2016, of Spanish working young individuals aged 18 to 35 years (n=1.678). All analyses were stratified by gender. The results show that besides behavioral attitudinal factors that seem to particularly influence the entrepreneurial intentions of Spanish young people, having a precarious contract or being unemployed for more than six months cannot be regarded as necessity-driven factors for increasing intentions toward entrepreneurship. Instead, well educated, experienced and economically stable women are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activity than men. Keywords: precarious employment, unemployment, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions, young people, Spain Classification-JEL: L26 Pages: 5-17 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/303/183 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/303 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:176:p:5-17 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Szalavetz Title: The Environmental Impact of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Examples from Hungary Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the beneficial impact of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) on firms’ environmental performance. Drawing on interviews conducted with 16 Hungarian manufacturing subsidiaries on their experience with AMT, we find three functional areas, where industry 4.0 solutions can not only enhance operational excellence and cost-efficiency, but they can also improve eco-efficiency, but they can also improve eco-efficiency, namely in the field of quality management (through smart production control, data analytics and predictive modelling solutions); process optimization (through capacity planning and production scheduling solutions); and product and process engineering (through advanced virtual technologies). We also find that AMT adoption facilitated subsidiary upgrading along various dimensions. The main managerial implication is that subsidiaries need to be proactive, and emphasize also the benefits stemming from energy and resource efficiency improvement when lobbying for investment in AMT. Keywords: manufacturing subsidiaries, Hungary, industry 4.0, greening, process upgrading Classification-JEL: F23, O14, O33, Q55 Pages: 18-29 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/290/184 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/290 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:177:p:18-29 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edit Terek Author-Name: Milan Nikolić Author-Name: Dragan Ćoćkalo Author-Name: Sanja Božić Author-Name: Aleksandra Nastasić Title: Enterprise Potential, Entrepreneurial Intentions and Envy Abstract: This paper presents the results of research about the impact of envy on enterprise potential and entrepreneurial intentions. The research was conducted in Serbia and the respondents were students from 5 faculties, from the first to the fifth year of study. The results were gained by statistical analysis of the gathered information (380 completed questionnaires). Descriptive, correlation and regression analysis are the methods of statistical analysis that were used. From the dimensions of enterprise potential, the highest average value has the dimension Creativity, while from the dimensions of entrepreneurial intentions, the highest average value has the dimension Subjective norm. Of all the observed dimensions, the lowest value has the Envy dimension. Between envy and dimensions of enterprise potential and dimensions of entrepreneurial intentions, there are a number of statistically significant negative correlations. This is more prevalent at the dimension of entrepreneurial intentions. Feelings of inferiority in relation to other people and the perception of having a boring or a bad life have an especially negative impact on entrepreneurial potential and intentions. Envy, which occurs due to the desire for more entertainment, travel, and due to the perception of the lack of fortune, also has a negative impact on entrepreneurial potential and intentions, but the influence is considerably weaker. There is a statistically significant predictive effect of certain items of envy on enterprise potential dimensions and entrepreneurial intentions dimensions. But this fact is not so strongly expressed. Some results suggest the possibility (however small) that envy, in some circumstances, can mildly encourage entrepreneurial intention. Keywords: Serbia, entrepreneurial intentions, envy, enterprise potential, students Classification-JEL: D14, I23, L26 Pages: 30-41 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/304/185 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/304 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:178:p:30-41 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej Dvouletý Title: What is the Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in Visegrad Countries? Abstract: The presented study aims to quantify the determinants of entrepreneurship in the four countries of the Visegrad (V4) group (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) with a particular focus on the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. The purpose of the research was to analyze whether, during the periods of higher unemployment rate, individuals more likely engage into entrepreneurial activity. Data were collected from the national statistical offices of the Visegrad countries, World Bank, Eurostat and Heritage Foundation. The collected sample covered years 1998-2015. To achieve the main objective of the article, regression models with the dependent variable, the rate of registered businesses per economically active inhabitant, were quantified. Estimated regressions proved a positive relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. A higher unemployment rate was associated with the increase in overall entrepreneurial activity. Estimated models further confirmed the negative influence of the administrative barriers on the overall entrepreneurial activity. Several policy and research implications are discussed in the study. Keywords: unemployment, entrepreneurial activity, registered business activity, administrative barriers, Visegrad countries Classification-JEL: L260, M1, M2 Pages: 42-53 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/305/186 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/305 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:179:p:42-53 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marian Holienka Author-Name: Peter Gal Author-Name: Zuzana Kovacicova Title: Drivers of Student Entrepreneurship in Visegrad Four Countries: Guesss Evidence Abstract: The aim of our paper is to find out what drives student entrepreneurs in Visegrad (V4) countries (i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) in their business activities. Our analysis is built on 2016 data from GUESSS project - an extensive academic study on student entrepreneurship, and our main sample comprises of 15,971 V4 university students. Potential drivers from individual human and social capital characteristics, perceived institutional support, and demographic attributes are examined, using the logistic regression method. Applying a unique perspective and distinguishing between different types of student entrepreneurs, we focus especially on promisingly sustainable student entrepreneurs with already active businesses, who plan to continue them after completing their studies. According to our results, gender (being a male), increasing age together with dropping number of years to finish studies, intensity of entrepreneurship education, studying in a business-related field, and having entrepreneurial parents significantly drive student entrepreneurship inclinations during their university studies. Keywords: entrepreneurship, university students, drivers, GUESSS Classification-JEL: L26 Pages: 54-63 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/306/187 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/306 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:180:p:54-63 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katarzyna Prędkiewicz Title: Attitude towards Innovation and Barriers in Capital Access Abstract: The goal of the study is to verify whether there is a relation between a company’s declared innovation strategy and declared problems with access to capital. The research is based on a survey that covers more than 400 companies operating in Poland. Beside the self-assessment approach to evaluation of financial constraints and level of innovativeness of the company, an analysis of financial data was employed in the study. Chi-squared, Welch’s t-test, ANOVA and the ordered logit model were used to test the hypotheses. It was proved that there is relation between innovation strategy and financial constraints. The firms that are moderate innovators are financially constrained more than strong innovators, which can be linked with their better financial condition. Research confirms also that SMEs are still in a worse position compared to large enterprises in the area of access to different sources of capital. Secondly, innovative companies are exposed to additional difficulties in raising funds successfully, which confirms the validity of the used dedicated tools as a subsidy by authorities. Keywords: innovation, SME, funding, innovation strategy, access to capital Classification-JEL: G30, G320, O300 Pages: 64-76 Volume: 2017 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/download/306/187 File-URL: https://cebr.vse.cz/index.php/cebr/article/view/306 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcbr:v:2017:y:2017:i:2:id:181:p:64-76 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcbr/references/181