Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Marek Title: Jak a proč stát se vědeckým časopisem? Pages: 4-6 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=252.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/252 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:252:p:4-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana Kovanicová Title: Financial Statement’s Standard Setting Strategy: Rules-Based or Principles Based? Abstract: In response to the sharp criticism of rules-based financial accounting standards as is presented especially by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission require the setters of these standards to accept principles-based strategy or ´objectivesoriented’ strategy. This paper analyzes this strategy and indicates some of her shortcomings. We argue that (only) principles-based standards are a pure fiction, as their application cannot work without detailed rules that alone are able to limit subjective judgments. This argument is enhanced by the fact that in present the standards setting strategy is grounded on asset/liability approach, which is continually connected with measurement on fair value base. Keywords: Fair value, Accounting Standards, Účetní standardy, Výsledkový přístup, Rozvahový přístup, Rules-based, Principles-based, Revenue / expense approach, Asset/liability approach, Báze pravidel, Báze principů, Fair value Classification-JEL: M41 Pages: 7-19 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=253.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/253 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:253:p:7-19 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloslav Janhuba Title: Value Changes and Their Reflections in Accounting Information Abstract: Broader horizons description of changing value reflections in firm’s economy and accounting. The chance for disclosure of value changes in financial reporting. Selected methods for full disclosure of value change in the comprehensive income statement. Some theoretical possibility, how separating results of value changes in equity-funded assets, and liabilityfunded assets for the capital maintenance concept with relevant accounting policy. Keywords: Equity, Assets, Balance sheet, Aktiva, Liabilities, Historical cost, Current Cost, Gains and losses, Závazky, Vlastní zdroje, Cena historická, Cena běžná, Rozvaha, Přínosy a újmy Classification-JEL: M41 Pages: 20-32 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=254.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/254 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:254:p:20-32 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcela Žárová Title: Enforcement Mechanism in the Framework of Translation Internal Market Rules into National Law in Europe Abstract: European Commission established “Internal Market Scoreboard”, the board that records whether Member States translate agreed internal market Rules into National Law. Enforcement of accounting regulation and principles in accordance with IFRS is realized by enforcement mechanism. CESR is an independent Committee of European Securities Regulators. CESR anticipates publishing further extracts from the database on a regular base concerning compliance with IFRS and realization of the joint work plan that was agreed between the two organizations in order to facilitate the CESR - SEC dialogue, possible elimination of by the SEC of reconciliation requirement on US stock exchanges. Keywords: IFRS, IFRS, US GAAP, US GAAP, CESR, Enforcement mechanism, SEC, CESR, Vynucovací mechanismus, SEC Classification-JEL: M41 Pages: 33-39 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=255.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/255 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:255:p:33-39 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava Durčáková Title: Inflation, Foreign Exchange Rate and Translation Exposure Abstract: This article deals with theoretical aspects of translation exposure in connection with inflation and foreign exchange rate. The aim of the paper is to point out - using the hypothetical situation of a subsidiary whose currency is the currency of hyperinflation economy and who translates its balance sheet into currency of non-hyperinflation economy - that the closing rate method of translation can present the realistic view of the economic (market) situation of the firm only in that case when all compared items are revalued before translation by closing rate. The parent firm can reduce the translation exposure risk by hedging. Since it can use the expected items of the future balance sheet, hedging might be a problem. Keywords: Inflation, Inflace, Translation Exposure, Foreign Exchange Rate, Translační devizová expozice, Devizový kurs Classification-JEL: F31 Pages: 40-55 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=256.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/256 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:256:p:40-55 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bohuslava Knapová Title: Business as Result of Managerial Decision Making Abstract: First-rate managers and their managerial decisions have the great influence on the growing performance of the firm and the fruitfulness in its business today. It is necessary to do managerial decisions systematically and to formulate them accurately for strategic, tactical and operational management. Managerial decision making relates to the internal organizational and economic, responsibility structure of the firm which would have to work in the external competitive environment so progressively in order to prosper. Keywords: Managerial decision, Decision-making problem, Internal user, External market environment, Manažerské rozhodnutí, Rozhodovací problém, Interní uživatel, Externí tržní prostředí Classification-JEL: M41 Pages: 56-61 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=257.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/257 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:257:p:56-61 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Janda Title: Government Support of the Czech Export Credit Abstract: The article is dealing with the description of the Czech institutions engaged in the export credit risk mitigation. The analyzed institutions are Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation and Czech Export Bank. The activities of these institutions described in this article are placed in the general context of the international framework of export credit and insurance and in the context of the export strategy of the Czech Republic for the years 2006- 2010. Keywords: Credit risk, Úvěrové riziko, Government support, Státní podpora, Subsidies, Guarantees, Dotace, Garance Classification-JEL: G18, G21, G22 Pages: 62-75 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=258.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/258 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:258:p:62-75 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Harumová Title: Analysis of Millionaire Tax Influence on Incidence of Taxation by Tax-Free Income in Slovak Republic Abstract: The influence on incidence of taxation of natural person has also a possibility to decrease the basic of assessment. One way how to reduce the basic of assessment is the amount of tax-free income. This sum of tax-free income is influenced by the sum of subsistence level actual during the current year. The report is addicted to analyze of the influence of subsistence level to the rate of tax-free income in a period of time and consecutively on the amount of effective tax rate, as one of methods of measurement of work incidence of taxation. Keywords: Tax, Taxes aspects, Motivating, Daň, Daňové aspekty, Motivácia, Tax-free income, Tax exemption, Incidence of taxation, Effective tax rate, Subsistence level, Daňové oslobodenie, Daňové zaťaženie, Efektívna daňová sadzba, Nezdaniteľné minimum, Životné minimum Classification-JEL: H2 Pages: 76-85 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=259.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/259 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:259:p:76-85 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Ježek Title: Market Approach to The Environment Protection and Primitive Economics Abstract: The publication “Market Approach to The Environment Protection” is a naughty contribution to searching acceptable economic and non-economic approach to environmental policies and human behavior towards the nature. Based on “Free Market Environmentalism” thesis the authors fail in correct and convincing explanation of role of property rights and market transactions in the environment. They adopt FME conception without any criticism and with no real application to the EU and the Czech environment. Neither free market nor property rights on them own do provide any advantage to non-market regulations, particularly when a high rate of human failure exists on markets as well as in governments. Neither theoretically nor practically the publication could be found as beneficial except of an example of a naughty writing professionally, formally and by reasoning. Keywords: Environmental policy, Scarce resources, Natural resources, Property rights, Market effectiveness, Free market Environmentalism, Climatic change, Externalities, Homo economicus, Primitive economics, Environmentální politika, Vzácné zdroje, Přírodní zdroje, Vlastnická práva, Tržní efektivnost, Free Market Environmentalism, Klimatické změny, Externality, Homo economicus, Primitivní ekonomie Classification-JEL: Q00 Pages: 86-90 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=260.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/260 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:260:p:86-90 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Šíma Author-Name: Tereza Šímová Title: Why Study Economics in the Interest of Nature Abstract: The article is an answer to the review of author’s book Free Market Environmentalism written by Petr Jezek. It illustrates the inadequacy of the form and content of Jezek’s critique. It addresses some of the reviewer’s arguments. Keywords: Free market Environmentalism, Environmental Economics, Review, Tržní přístup k ochraně životního prostředí, Environmentální ekonomie, Recenze Classification-JEL: Q00 Pages: 91-94 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=261.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/261 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:261:p:91-94 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana Dvořáková Title: Accounting versus Tax Depreciation Abstract: The aim of this paper is a critical analysis of an article from M. Děrgel: Accounting and tax depreciation - reason for differentiation. Author’s approach is compared with requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards. Keywords: Depreciation, Assets, Aktiva, Depreciation method, Odpisování, Metoda odpisování Classification-JEL: M41 Pages: 95-98 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=262.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/262 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:262:p:95-98 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Valach Title: K diskuzi o optimalizaci a determinantech kapitálové struktury podniku Abstract: The paper briefly summarizes different capital structure theories of firms. It also informs about the results of last analyses dealing with capital structure rate of debt determinants. It arrives at a conclusion, that these analyses confirm necessity of multi-criteria access to choice of capital structure: besides cost of capital minimization must be take into consideration especially size and structure of assets, dynamics of profit and other factors. Keywords: Capital structure theories, Determinants of capital structure, Optimum capital structure, Teorie kapitálové struktury, Determinanty kapitálové struktury, Optimální kapitálová struktura Classification-JEL: G30 Pages: 99-102 Volume: 2008 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/download.php?jnl=cfuc&pdf=263.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/cfuc/263 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlcfu:v:2008:y:2008:i:1:id:263:p:99-102 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlcfu/references/263