Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Konstantinos Gkaleas
Title: Aristippus and Xenophon as Plato’s contemporary literary rivals and the role of gymnastikè (γυμναστική)
Abstract: Plato was a Socrates’ friend and disciple, but he wasn’t the only one. No doubt, Socrates had many followers, however, the majority of their work is lost. Was there any antagonism among his followers? Who succeeded in interpreting Socrates? Who could be considered as his successor? Of course, we don’t know if these questions emerged after the death of Socrates, but the Greek doxography suggests that there was a literary rivalry. As we underlined earlier, most unfortunately, we can’t examine all of them thoroughly due to the lack of their work, but we can scrutinize Xenophon’s and Aristippus’ work. All of them, Plato, Xenophon and Aristippus, presented to a certain extent their ideas concerning education. Furthermore, they have not neglected the matter of gymnastikè, but what is exactly the role of physical education in their work? Are there any similarities or any differences between them? Since, Xenophon and Aristippus (as well as Plato) seem to be in favor of gymnastikè, it is necessary to understand its role.
Keywords: gymnastikè, Plato, Socrates, Xenophon, Aristippus
Pages: 4-11
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=389
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:418:p:4-11
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terence Rajivan Edward
Title: Cartesian dualism and the study of cultural artefacts
Abstract: This paper evaluates an argument according to which many anthropologists commit themselves to Cartesian dualism, when they talk about meanings. This kind of dualism, it is argued, makes it impossible for anthropologists to adequately attend to material artefacts. The argument is very original, but it is also vulnerable to a range objections.
Keywords: Cartesian dualism, cultural artefacts
Pages: 12-18
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=390
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:419:p:12-18
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacob Caldwell
Title: A New Conception of Ordinary Objects and the Role of their Identities in Perception
Abstract: This paper levels two charges against our current, mildly hylomorphic conception of ordinary objects: that it contains a logically faulty understanding of matter and an equally problematic treatment of identity; reification is the kernel of both. With the help of McDaniel and Wittgenstein, I construct a suitable critique of the ordinary object and its respective ontology, laying the groundwork for a new ontology of the ordinary object. The discussion of concepts and McDowell at the conclusion of the project acts as a lynchpin, connecting our subjective understanding of our experience with the objects of our experience.
Keywords: ordinary objects, hylomorphism, identity, reification, McDaniel, Wittgenstein
Pages: 30-46
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=392
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:421:p:30-46
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/421

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jitka Paitlová
Title: Plato, Nonvirtuous Sophists and True Philosophic Rhetorics
Abstract: In this paper I try to answer the question, why Plato was so spiteful towards sophists. The main point of my answer is the distinguishing between the standard ancient sophistry and the true philosophical rhetoric. According to Plato, the standard sophistry is dangerous because of it is aimed only at populistic savour, which surely doesn’t lead to virtue. On the contrary, the true rhetoric is beneficial not only for an individual man but for the whole society because of it is based on the so called “civic virtue”. My argumentation is based on the interpretation of Plato’s dialogues Protagoras, Gorgias and Republic with regard to dialogues Statesman and Phaedrus.
Keywords: Plato, sophistry, rhetoric, virtue, Protagoras, Gorgias, Republic, Platón, sofistika, rétorika, ctnost, Prótagoras, Gorgias, Ústava
Pages: 47-60
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=393
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:422:p:47-60
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khalid Jamil Rawat
Title: Instinct and Ego: Nietzsche’s perspective
Abstract: In Nietzsche’s thought the criticism of the concept of ego occupies a dominant position. In Nietzsche’s philosophy, the ego--both as a moral and as an epistemological subject--has received a serious criticism. Nietzsche views that the concept of ego, reason and consciousness have resulted from the breakup of human existence from a more natural state-- a state in which instinctual activity dominated the human life. Nietzsche’s concept of ego is closely related to his understanding of human instincts. The following article is an attempt to see the connection between the concept of ego and human instincts in Nietzsche’s philosophy.
Keywords: instinct, ego, Nietzsche
Pages: 61-70
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=394
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:423:p:61-70
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Makolkin
Title: Aristotle’s Views on Religion and his Idea of Secularism
Abstract: The purpose of this article to tackle the current real danger of cultural vandalism, posed by radical Islam and the overall resurgence of the Religious in the modern notionally secular societies. The method of analysis used is Aristotle’s semiotic theory,  his classification of signs( false, belief-causing and knowledge-producing ones), and his idea of secularism as a prerequisite of civilized society.
Keywords: false, true, belief-causing and true signs, cultural detour, cultural foundation, cultural vandalism, cultural shift, cultural map of orientation, disorientation instrument, control
Pages: 71-79
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=395
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:424:p:71-79
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jindřich Veselý
Title: Svět, tajemství, bohočlověk. Člověk jako bytost transcendence u Karla Rahnera a Jana Patočky
Abstract: The article draws a comparison between concepts of human as a being situated in overal context and characterized by openness and self-transcendence in Jan Patočka´s and Karl Rahner´s thinking with specific regard to interpretation of the god-man´s figure. We compare and connect Patočka´s concept of the „world“ and Rahner´s „mystery“, their conception of history and radical danger of man. Finally we inquire the god-man interpretation, which may be understood as crucial for human existence for both authors and we can notice, that distinct interpretations of Patočka and Rahner are surprisingly close.
Keywords: Jan Patočka, Karl Rahner, world, mystery, Jan Patočka, Karl Rahner, svět, tajemství
Pages: 80-93
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=396
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:425:p:80-93
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/425

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Libor Benda
Title: On the Relationship between the Natural Sciences and the Humanities: Brockman’s Concept of the “Third Culture” and its Criticism
Abstract: The subject of this paper is an analysis of a recently proposed solution to the so-called two cultures problem, which was formulated in 1959 by Charles Percy Snow - the so-called third culture introduced by John Brockman in his eponymous book. My aim is to critically evaluate Brockman’s concept of the “third culture” and to propose arguments supporting the view that it does not really represent a true solution to the two cultures problem but on the contrary illustrates a prevalent existence and actuality of the problem. For this purpose the study makes use of the concept of trading zones, introduced by philosopher and historian Peter Galison to describe and explain possible ways of interaction and mutual understanding between scientists from incommensurable scientific disciplines. As I try to demonstrate, this concept can be successfully applied in a very similar way on the problem of communication between natural sciences and humanities as well.
Keywords: Charles Percy Snow, two cultures problem, John Brockman, third culture, Peter Galison, trading zones, Charles Percy Snow, problém dvou kultur, John Brockman, třetí kultura, Peter Galison, obchodní zóny
Pages: 19-29
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=391
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:420:p:19-29
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/420

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miroslav Vacura
Title: Sellars' Concept of manifest and scientific image
Abstract: The philosophical work of Wilfrid Sellars tries to make connection between American pragmatic philosophy and other philosophical traditions, like Plato’s, Descartes’ or Kant’s. Although he focuses on explanation of the whole of our world, he doesn’t ignore purely pragmatic questions of know-how. The central topic of his philosophy is the problem faced by any philosopher - dualistic character of our reality - two pictures of the same order of complexity, each of which tries to be a complete picture of man-in-the-world, and which, we must integrate into one vision. Sellars refers to these pictures as manifest and the scientific images of man-in-the-world. The manifest image is the primary and it is a refinement of what he calls the original image. The main difference of manifest image is that it doesn’t include imperceptible entities - scientific image is therefore a specific idealization of manifest image. In this text we explain how Sellars tries to fuse these two images.
Keywords: Sellars, manifest image, scientific image, Sellars, zjevný obraz, vědecký obraz
Pages: 94-102
Volume: 2015
Issue: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=397
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2015:y:2015:i:2:id:426:p:94-102
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/426