Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bohdana Kurylo Title: Is the Autonomous Soul Possible? The Role of the State in Regulating the Self in the Thought of Michel Foucault from 1968-1984 Abstract: This paper challenges the notion of ‘sexual liberation’ prevalent in the post-1968 period in the West, based on the philosophy of Michel Foucault. The idea of the autonomous self is put under a thorough interrogation, as Foucault showed that it has become a powerful tool used by the state to control and normalise the population. Despite the paradoxes in Foucault’s thinking about the possibility of liberation, it is the ethnical value of freedom that eventually led him to see the need for resistance to power and self-cultivation, or rather self-cultivation through resistance in his later writings. Keywords: autonomous soul, state, self, regulation Pages: 46-52 Volume: 2016 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/ethics/23_04_kurylo.pdf File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=402 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2016:y:2016:i:1:id:430:p:46-52 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Slováček Title: Carl Schmitt´s critique of co-called modern man and its overlaps Abstract: The presented article deals with the Carl Schmitt´s critique of modernity and modern man with the consideration of its antisemitic moments, which emerged explicitly after 1933. Author shows the anthropological fundaments of Schmitt´s position, which was laid down in his early writings such as Der Wert des Staates und die Bedeutung des Einzelnen or „Nordlicht“, as to prepare to read the main texts of the Weimar era, which are especially Die politische Theologie and Der Begriff des Politischen. From this perspective, some crucial (and also shameful) texts published by Schmitt after the 1933 year are analyzed in order to state and answer the question concerning the implicit antisemitism in the anthropological and political theory of the prewar era. The conclusion of this article is as follows: Carl Schmitt political theory is based on antiindividualistic and almost completely pessimistic anthropology accompanied with the theory of secularization as a process which leads to neutralization and depolitization of the human life. The life of this sort is base and the reason for this development can be stated. In other words: the enemies of the political can be stated in a variety of ways. After the 1933 Schmitt concentrated his view on the so called Jewish roots of political and philosophical erosion of state sovereignty and the inner anarchization of the state. The article offers a polemical statement concerning the possible presupposition of this problematic attitude to Jews, which shows to be the heritage of german catholic milieu of the second half of 19. century. Keywords: enemy, sekularization, modernity, modern man, political theology, theory of the political, antisemitism, normativism, philosophic anthropology, nepřítel, sekularizace, modernita, moderní člověk, politická teologie, teorie politična, antisemitismus, normativismus, filosofická antropologie Pages: 53-68 Volume: 2016 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/ethics/23_05_slovacek.pdf File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=403 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2016:y:2016:i:1:id:431:p:53-68 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Hemelík Title: „My singular Friend…“ (The first czech translations of two letters, which B. Spinoza wrote to his friend J. Bouwmeester.) Abstract: In the frame of this paper are published the first czech translations of two letters, which B. Spinoza wrote to his friend, the physician in the Amsterdam J. Bouwmeester. Once these two letters J. Hrůša didn´t include in his czech translation of selected Spinoza´s letters. In the second letter Dutch philosopher formulated his opinions on the method of true knowledge. Keywords: Spinoza, Bouwmeester, letters, the method of true knowledge, Spinoza, Bouwmeester, dopisy, metoda pravdivého poznání Pages: 4-12 Volume: 2016 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/23_01_hemelik.pdf File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=399 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2016:y:2016:i:1:id:427:p:4-12 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Husein Inusah Title: Impure Infinitism and the Evil Demon Argument Abstract: The central thesis of this paper is that the modus ponens reductio argument does not clearly favour impure versions of infinitism. The nub of the modus ponens reductio argument is as follows: an infinite series of justified reasons by itself is vulnerable to the modus ponens reductio in the sense that one can construct an infinite chain of reasons supporting both an affirmative and denial of proposition, say p. The problem here is that, as Aikin urges, pure versions of infinitism do not possess the requisite resource to eliminate one of these chains of infinite reasons. The upshot is that pure versions of infinitism are not able to differentiate between an infinite series that is truth conducive and the ones that are not. Accordingly, Aikin promotes an impure infinitism over pure infinitism because, as he opines, impure infinitism has the requisite resources to eliminate one of the infinite chains of justified reasons and rids itself of the threat of the modus ponens reductio. In the following discussion, I submit that although Aikin seems quite successful in this venture, his version of impure infinitism faces a similar setback, in the form of the new evil demon problem, which is equally fatal to it as that which the modus ponens reductio wrecks on pure versions of infinitism. Keywords: Impure infinitism, justification, evil demon, foundationalism, coherentism Pages: 13-24 Volume: 2016 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/23_02_inusah.pdf File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=400 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2016:y:2016:i:1:id:428:p:13-24 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Jedlička Title: Critical Review of Several Aspects of Popper’s Work in Relation to the Demarcation Problem Abstract: The opening section briefly examines Popper’s theory of demarcation and his views on inductive methods, the role of metaphysics in science, and falsification. Upon publication the work of this Viennese philosopher met a wide range of reactions, from partial modifications to proposals of new theories inspired by his work to complete dismissal. The main lines of critical argument against Popper’s doctrine will be outlined here: I will argue that his complete rejection of inductive methodology is unjustified and will call for its partial acceptance in science. I will also challenge the shortcomings of Popper’s idea of falsifiability and his demarcation criterion, the limited suitability of which will be demonstrated with typical examples of “pseudoscience” such as psychoanalysis and astrology. The last section proposes a moderate approach in the induction-deduction debate. In closing I will assess the practical value of Popper's theories in today’s science. Keywords: Demarcation problem, Karl Popper, falsifiability, inductive methods, pseudoscience, demarkační problém, Karl Popper, falzifikovatelnost, induktivní metody, pseudověda Pages: 25-45 Volume: 2016 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/science/23_03_jedlicka.pdf File-URL: http://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=401 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2016:y:2016:i:1:id:429:p:25-45 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/429