Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olga Ramírez Calle
Title: Beyond Witches, Angels and Unicorns. The Possibility of Expanding Russell’s Existential Analysis
Abstract: This paper attempts to be a contribution to the epistemological project of explaining complex conceptual structures departing from more basic ones. The central thesis of the paper is that there are what I call “functionally structured concepts”, these are non-harmonic concepts in Dummett’s sense that might be legitimized if there is a function that justifies the tie between the inferential connection the concept allows us to trace. Proving this requires enhancing the russellian existential analysis of definite descriptions to apply to functions and using this in proving the legitimacy of such concepts. The utility of the proposal is shown for the case of thick ethical terms and an attempt is made to use it in explaining the development of natural numbers. This last move could allow us to go one step lower in explaining the genesis of natural numbers while maintaining the notion of abstract numbers as higher order entities.
Keywords: Russell, functionally structured concepts, definite descriptions
Pages: 4-15
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/epistemology/25_01_ramirez.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=422
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:450:p:4-15
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/450

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terence Rajivan Edward
Title: The asymmetry objection to political liberalism: evaluation of a defence
Abstract: This paper evaluates Jonathan Quong’s attempt to defend a version of political liberalism from the asymmetry objection. I object that Quong’s defence relies on a premise that has not been adequately supported and does not look as if it can be given adequate support.
Keywords: liberalism, asymmetry objection, Jonathan Quong
Pages: 26-32
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/ethics/25_03_edward.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=424
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:452:p:26-32
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/452

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magdaléna Steinhauser Wesserlová
Title: Two principles of Justice
Abstract: The paper is focused on the problem of justice John Rawl’s in Theory of Justice. The content of the contribution is conceived as an analysis of the two principles of justice, while is focusing on their focal aspects. The paper is trying to clarify the importance of two principles of justice by research of content of the first and second principles. In connection with the second principle, the aim is not only to clarify the implication of fair equality of opportunity, but also the relationship of the second principle with the principle of effectiveness and the relationship of democratic interpretation of justice with the principle of difference. The intention of the work is also to point out the principle of distribution, not only form a theoretical perspective. In this context, the text also draws attention to the linking of distribution and merit. For Rawls, it is important to draw attention to the lexical superiority of the first principle, so the text does not obviate this fact as well. At the same time, it verbalizes the difference between both of the fundamental principles.
Keywords: society, John Rawls, principles of justice, equal opportunity, distributive justice, John Rawls, princípy spravodlivosti, rovnosť šancí, distributívna spravodlivosť, spoločnosť
Pages: 50-71
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/ethics/25_06_wesserlova.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=427
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:455:p:50-71
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/455

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Konstantinos Gkaleas
Title: Republic, Plato’s 7th letter and the concept of Δωριστὶ ζῆν
Abstract: If we accept the 7th letter as authentic and reliable, a matter that we will not be addressing in this paper, the text that we have in front of us is “an extraordinary autobiographic document”, an autobiography where the “I” as a subject becomes “I” as an object, according to Brisson. The objective of the paper is to examine how we could approach and interpret the excerpt from Plato’s 7th letter regarding the Doric way of life (Δωριστὶ ζῆν). According to Plato, the Sicilian life (Σικελικὸν βίον) that was allegedly a blissful life (βίος εὐδαίμων) would never allow anyone to become virtuous with all these excesses on behalf of the appetitive part of the soul (ἐπιθυμητικόν). In contrast to this specific type of life that is presented as prevalent in the 7th Letter, only Dion used to live virtuously above pleasure and luxury. The “therapy” for this φλεγμαίνουσαν πόλιν of Syracuse is the return to Δωριστὶ ζῆν κατὰ τὰ πάτρια, the return to the Doric way of the forefathers. The phrase Δωριστὶ ζῆν in its context in the 7th Letter is an important one, because it probably shows the significance of adopting the Doric way of life, in order to create the appropriate conditions for a political reform. Examining the guardians who are the ἄριστοι of the ideal city, a class that constitutes the platonic idea of aristocracy in the Republic, we can understand that they receive many important traits from the Doric ideal (especially the educational program). Combining the concept of Δωριστὶ ζῆν with the Doric ideal, we suggest that the Doric model is quite important for the Athenian philosopher functioning as the cornerstone of reform.
Keywords: Plato, Republic, 7th letter, Doric way of life
Pages: 43-49
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/25_05_gkaleas.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=426
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:454:p:43-49
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/454

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vendula Kovářová
Title: The Problematic Parts of Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Abstract: The paper deals with some problematic parts of Kuhn's famous title The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which was probably one of the most quoted book in philosophy and history of science in the second half of 20th century. Even though it is definitely very significant and distinguished text, some parts of it consist of vague and ambiguous formulations that were (and still are) the source of criticism. This article identifies the issues in the Kuhn's Structure, introduces their previous solutions and suggests new solutions. The main issues concerns Kuhn's theory of paradigms and the extension of scientific revolutions.
Keywords: Thomas Kuhn, scientific revolution, development of science, philosophy of science, paradigm, Thomas Kuhn, vědecká revoluce, vývoj vědy, filozofie vědy, paradigma
Pages: 16-25
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/science/25_02_kovarova.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=423
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:451:p:16-25
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/451

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakub Novotný
Title: Ontological Relativity and Metadata
Abstract: The concepts of data, information, or metadata are tied to the theory of information, which is at the general level part of the modern scientific tradition and is based in many ways on the tradition of analytical tradition. The paper brings a recapitulation of these foundations and a recapitulation of the development of analytic philosophy, including the outcome in language relativism given by the turn in this philosophical tradition. Language relativism is also related to the issue of data and metadata in the paper. Metadata is by no means an absolute description of data objects, it is always dependent on other metadata in the background and context. So there is need to work with data and metadata purely instrumentally. Metadata is a tool for working with data objects, and their use and therefore limitations are given by this instrumentality.
Keywords: information, data, metadata, language, analytic philosophy, data, metadata, informace, jazyk, analytická filosofie
Pages: 33-42
Volume: 2018
Issue: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/e-logos/453
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2018:y:2018:i:1:id:453:p:33-42
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/453