Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Hemelík
Title: About attributes of God  (The first czech translations of two letters, which were changed between B. Spinoza and G. H. Schuller in July 1675.)
Abstract: In the frame of this paper are published the first czech translations of two letters, which were changed between B. Spinoza and G. H. Schuller in July 1675. The content of letters are objections against some propositions of Spinoza´s Ethics and philosopher´s answers on these objections. The discussion was in relation to the problem of the attributes of God.
Keywords: Spinoza, G. H. Schuller, letters, attributes of God, Spinoza, G. H. Schuller, dopisy, atributy Boha
Pages: 34-46
Volume: 2019
Issue: 1
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/26_03_hemelik.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=434
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2019:y:2019:i:1:id:462:p:34-46
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Hemelík
Title: About attributes of God II (The first czech translations of two letters, which were changed between B. Spinoza and G. H. Schuller in November 1675.)
Abstract: In the frame of this paper are published the first czech translations of two letters, which were changed between B. Spinoza and G. H. Schuller in November 1675. The content of letters continuating in the correspondence from the summer of the same year are next objections against some propositions of Spinoza´s Ethics and philosopher´s answers on these objections. The discussion was again in relation to the problem of the attributes of God. The letters deal with the contacts between B. Spinoza and W. Ehrenfried von Tschirnhausen and G. W. Leibniz, too.
Keywords: Spinoza, G. H. Schuller, letters, attributes of God, Tschirnhausen, Leibniz, Spinoza, G. H. Schuller, dopisy, atributy Boha, Tschirnhausen, Leibniz
Pages: 47-55
Volume: 2019
Issue: 1
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/26_04_hemelik.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=435
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2019:y:2019:i:1:id:463:p:47-55
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klára Netíková
Title: T. H. Huxley’s Evolution and Ethics: Struggle for Survival and Society
Abstract: The present paper focuses on main points of Thomas H. Huxley´s lecture ‘Evolution and Ethics’, which addressed current social and political debate about application of evolutionary principle of competition on society. Huxley, a well-known proponent of Darwin, was strictly opposed to such application as he threatened that ethics, the base of civilized society, would disappear. He claimed that ethical process kept natural processes under control and made men truly human. He stressed that while evolution governed the biological realm of nature, ethics was domain of human conscience and society. Even though Huxley was well established scholar, ideas of his contemporary colleague Herbert Spencer often gained much more popularity amongst general public. This was certainly true in China, where Spencer´s evolutionary ethics gained tremendous popularity. The Theory of Evolution in China was immediately dragged into debate about national survival. Spencer´s thought was paradoxically introduced to China by translation of Huxley´s critical lecture ‘Evolution and Ethics’. Chinese intellectuals were, however, far more interested in the concept of struggle and competition than in philosophical questions about meaning of ethics in human society, which troubled Thomas Henry Huxley in his public lecture presented in 18th May 1893.
Keywords: evolution, ethics, social darwinism, Huxley, China, Yan Fu
Pages: 4-18
Volume: 2019
Issue: 1
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/ethics/26_01_netikova.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=432
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2019:y:2019:i:1:id:460:p:4-18
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Kozák
Title: The End of History and Comparison of Cultures
Abstract: The author makes the effort to demonstrate, that given appropriate criteria it is possible (and useful) to compare different cultures and set them into hierarchical order. This work utilizes both the method of conjectural history (Smith, Hume) and the contribution Hayek made to the methodology (compositive method). In accordance with the concept of freedom as developed by Kant, Hegel, Černý or Patočka and following up the works of Francis Fukuyama, the author employs the concept of “ideal type” of end of history. This is conceptualized by classical liberal democracy and capitalism in the form of free market competition. As shown by historical evidence, progressing towards this civilizational highlight is inherent to the very course of history. It is only the combination of classical liberal democracy and laissez-faire capitalism that enables satisfaction of all human needs and cultivating of human nature to the maximum extent; this type of system allows supreme level of individual freedom, identical with law and including the responsibility for legal and political order, thus making the spontaneous market competition possible.  This specific concept of developed freedom does only occur in the Western culture. The remaining part of this article makes the argument that integration of members of cultures with less developed concept of freedom is problematic.
Keywords: End of history, liberalism, Culture, Liberal Democracy, Individual Freedom, konec dějin, liberalismus, kultura, liberální demokracie, individuální svoboda
Pages: 19-33
Volume: 2019
Issue: 1
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://nb.vse.cz/kfil/elogos/history/26_02_kozak.pdf
File-URL: https://e-logos.vse.cz/index.php?article=433
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlelg:v:2019:y:2019:i:1:id:461:p:19-33
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlelg/references/461