Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimír Nachtigal
Author-Name: Martin Srholec
Author-Name: Vladimír Tomšík
Author-Name: Markéta Votavová
Title: Convergence process of central and eastern european countries toward the european union as measured by macroeconomic polygons
Abstract: The article analyses the economic development of transition economies (the CR, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the nineties by means of the original graphical method based on a multidimensional view, with the intention to assess convergence or divergence of their economic level vis-a-vis the average level of the EU countries. The polydimensional aspect is based in the first step on four basic objectives of economic policy depicted by the macroeconomic (magic) tetragon. In the second step, an each quadrant of the magic tetragon is extended by six detailed indicators to get a multidimensional convergence polygon. The polygon framework allowed carrying out more detailed analysis of the convergence process. The detailed results of the multidimensional convergence analysis varied across individual countries and over time; the time path of these differences partly reflected the uneven progress in macroeconomic stabilization and recovery of economic growth.
Keywords: European Union, convergence, macroeconomic (magic) tetragon, macroeconomic (magic) polygon, transformation process
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/pep/199
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpep:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:199

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Vavrejnová
Author-Name: Karl Wörister
Title: Social expenditures (czech - austrian comparison)
Abstract: This paper describes and evaluates the development of social expenditures in the Czech Republic and Austria during the nineties. The authors compare social systems of both countries with the aim to show the main differences as well as some identical and concurring features, and to take lecture from them for future reforms. In the first part, a short comparison of the main macroeconomic indicators and their development as the bases of social systems is presented. Factors influencing the level and structure of social expenditures in both countries are mentioned: different economic level, demographic, systemic, and governmental factors. In the second part, the structure of social expenditures and its development is analysed in detail. Current reforms of pension systems in both countries are mentioned. The growing role of personal expenditures in the Czech Republic in covering different kinds of social needs is demonstrated on the health care expenditures.
Keywords: pension systems, social expenditures, structure of social expenditures, international comparison
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/pep/200
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpep:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:200

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matija Rojec
Author-Name: Jože P. Damijan
Author-Name: Boris Majcen
Title: Foreign ownership and export propensity: the slovenian experience
Abstract: This paper discusses the determinants of export propensity of foreign firms in the Slovenian manufacturing sector relative to domestic firms. Using panel framework we show that superior export propensity of foreign firms is significant due to the foreign ownership and that differences in fundamental operational characteristics between domestic and foreign firms significantly affect their export propensity.
Keywords: Slovenia, international trade, foreign direct investment, export propensity, foreign ownership, manufacturing industry
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/pep/201
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpep:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:201

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš Kadlec
Title: Optimal timing of tv commercials: symmetrical model
Abstract: In this paper I study the behavior of two TV broadcasters on a market where viewers perpetually make a decision whether to watch TV and which TV channel to watch. Both broadcasters optimally allocate time periods where their TV program is replaced by advertising. While TV programs represent broadcaster's costs, commercials bring in revenue that is proportional to the audience reach. I assume that viewers choose among products and the outside option following a Markov process where probabilities of transition reflect various attractiveness of the products. Given symmetrical positions of the broadcasters, I prove that their optimal strategy is to put their commercial breaks into the same or very close times. In the case when commercials overlap perfectly, both broadcasters are better off if they fragment their breaks into shorter breaks keeping the total amount of commercial time the same.
Keywords: TV commercials, optimal timing, broadcasting, coordination, Markov process
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/pep/202
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpep:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:202