Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: János Kornai Title: Deset let po cestě ke svobodné ekonomice: autorovo hodnocení sebe sama Title: Ten years after the road to a free economy: the author's self-evaluation Abstract: Ten years have passed since the publication of my book The Road to a Free Economy: Shifting from a Socialist System-the Example of Hungary. It was the first book to offer comprehensive proposals for the postsocialist transition. This article assesses the book as I see it 10 years later. Keywords: ownership, private sector, macroeconomic stability Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/330 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Arlt Author-Name: Milan Guba Author-Name: Štěpán Radkovský Author-Name: Vladimír Stiller Author-Name: Milan Sojka Title: Vliv vybraných faktorů na vývoj poptávky po penězích v letech 1994 - 2000 Title: Selected factors influencing the money demand development in 1994 - 2000 Abstract: The paper is focused on selected factors influencing the money demand development in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2000. The basic theoretical approaches to the money demand issue and the theoretical background of the analysis are described. The multi- and singl-equational models as a basis for cointegration analysis are used. As the main theoretical basis the Ph. Arestis´es model, adjusted for conditions of the Czech Republic, is used. It is confirmed a premise that the money demand development is in the long-run relationship with the GDP growth and interest rates development. This conclusion is valid for balances both in real and nominal money. It is discovered the impact of the interest rates development into the structure of the money demand. Keywords: money demand, cointegration, econometric model, time series Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/331 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Mach Title: Klasická poptávka po penězích ve standardním modelu nabídky a poptávky Title: Classical demand for money in the standard supply-demand model Abstract: The quantity theory of money is applied in this article to define aggregate demand as a rectangular hyperbola that describes combinations of price level for different levels of real product with given quantity of money. The real product is measured on the X-axis as a quantity of composite goods. The Y-axis measures the price level, i.e. units of money per a composite good. Demand for money is defined as an analogous situation. The X-axis measures units of money, and the Y-axis measures the Keywords: demand for money, aggregate demand, price level, purchasing power, quantity theory of money Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/332 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaromír Veber Title: Vliv globalizace na soudobé podmínky podnikání, ekonomiky a managementu Title: The influence of globalization on present conditions for entrepreneurs, economy and management Abstract: Globalization is a phenomenon which pass through centuries, is contiguous with all spheres of social life of society and in the last decade is perceivable acceleration of globalization process. Globalization is, especially in economic sphere, reality against which we cannot turn backwards or ignore it in any way. Firms have an opportunity to observe and react on phenomenon of globalization (reactive strategy) or actively integrate into globalization processes (proactive strategy). Integration into globalization activities means for firms opportunities but also threats. Keywords: globalization, multinational corporations, joining in globalization process, opportunities and threats of globalization Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/333 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Tošovská Title: Liberalizace obchodu environmentálními službami v rámci všeobecné dohody o obchodu službami Title: Environmental services trade liberalization within the general agreement on trade in services Abstract: The aim of this paper is to apply the rules and principles of international trade in services - in formulation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services - in the rapidly developing sphere of environmental services. The paper characterizes the development and structure of environmental services, the dimension of the environmental market of EU countries and discusses shortcomings in the existing classification of environmental services. Special attention is devoted to the different forms of private sector participation in environmental service markets. The final part examines the export potential of environmental services in the Czech Republic and analyzes the main obstacles to the future development of this sphere. Keywords: General Agreement on Trade in Services, environmental services, environmental market, private sector participation in environmental services markets Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/334 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan ŘÍKOVSKÝ Title: Rakouská Škola a její kritika standardního matematického přístupu k ekonomii Title: The austrian school and its critique of a standard mathematical approach to economics Abstract: The main aim is to identify a few of the methodological principles with which most Austrians are in agreement and which are the most relevant to an explanation of the Austrian attitude to the use of mathematics and econometrics in economics. This paper can be roughly divided into three parts. In the first part the author defines the position of Austrian economics in economic theory as such and tries to relate the main methodological principles as subjectivism, individualism and attention on process rather than equilibrium states to the question of the possibility to grasp the economic problems by the use of the methods of natural sciences. In the second part the author elucidates Austrians' objections to the use of mathematics and econometrics (dispersed knowledge, critique of the law of large numbers, continuous smooth functions etc.) and in the final part deals with more or less practical problems of statistical measurement. Keywords: Austrian school, mathematics, econometrics, statistical aggregates, individualism, subjectivism, process, knowledge Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/336 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Loužek Title: Metodologie Carla Mengera a její interpretace Title: Methodology of Carl Menger and its interpretations Abstract: Although economic theory of the founder of Austrian School of Economics, Carl Menger, is widely acknowledged (marginal utility theory), his methodological writings are analysed less often. The author claims Mengerian methodology brings many valuable ideas which have influenced methodological thought of economists in the 20th century too. The article is primarily concerned with the Menger's main methodological work - Untersuchungen über die Methode der Sozialwissenschaften (1883). Many philosophical interpretations (at most aristotelian) of Mengerian methodology are discussed. The fundamental merit of Menger's methodology is seen in precision distinguishing between history and theory and between the realistic-empirical orientation and the exact orientation of theoretical research. Keywords: realistic-empirical orientation of theoretical research, exact orientation of theoretical research, Austrian School of Economics, methodological individualism, methodology of economic science, philosophical assumptions Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/335 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Kosta Title: Úroveň rozvoje a ekonomický systém jako determinanty zaměstnanosti ve sféře služeb Title: Level of development and economic system as the determinants in employment of services sector Abstract: The paper deals with the impact of the economic development level and given economic system on sectoral structure of employment with special regard to the services sector. It describes the topic on the case of the Czech Republic, or Czechoslovakia. At first, it reviews the employment structure in Czechoslovakia during the period of 1948 - 1983, then in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 1998. Keywords: economic system, employment structure, services sector Volume: 2001 Issue: 5 Year: 2001 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/329 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2001:y:2001:i:5:id:329