Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evžen Kočenda
Author-Name: Lubomír Lízal
Title: Vývoj českých podniků v období transformace: stručný přehled
Title: Development of czech firms during transition: an overview
Abstract: Current Czech economic literature on transition lacks a comprehensive view on firms' development. Neither separate microeconomic studies nor macroeconomic stand alone provide complete picture of a real state of the economy. An excessive accent on macroeconomic figures may even be misleading to direct microeconomic development that may consequently result in deteriorating macroeconomic performance. To study how the firms evolve is an imperative to gain the knowledge on a course of economic transition as well as indispensable aid for future normative decisions. This paper aims to bring forth an up to date brief overview of previously conducted research, specifically on transformation of Czech firms.
Keywords: performance, privatization, ownership, investments, firms, transition
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/370
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:370

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Kadeřábková
Title: Strukturální a technologické charakteristiky české ekonomiky
Title: Structural and technology characteristics of the czech economy
Abstract: Paper presents group of indicators highlighting qualitative (structural and technology) characteristics of transition economies, EU-candidates, within the framework of their economic performance. More detailed overview is presented for group of OECD-member transition countries for evaluation of their capacity of knowledge creation and diffusion. The comparisons were made to EU levels, more specifically to their maximum and minimum values. The indicators point to efficiency differences in factor utilization (labour force and particularly research and development inputs). Comparisons with Hungary highlight mostly unfavorable trends in the Czech Republic which may be reversed by foreign investment inflows in recent years. Due to lower level of research and development in higher education and lower share of workers with tertiary education attainment, insufficient development of absorption capacity may freeze the economy in the trap of equilibrium with low skills and low productivity.
Keywords: economic growth, transition economies, technology change
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/371
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:371

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Melecký
Title: Modelování běžného účtu a jeho udržitelnost v případě České republiky
Title: Modeling of current account and its sustainability in a case of the Czech Republic
Abstract: In this paper I first discuss the group of potential determinants of current account development according to surveyed empirical and theoretical literature. In this respect I strive to introduce several alternatives of each variable effect on current account if it is possible. I follow with the formation of the current account model suitable for the Czech Republic. Estimating the model, I employ cointegration techniques ADL and JOH as vast majority of variables in this model is integrated of order I(1). I find significant and robust influence of the domestic economic growth, the stages of development hypothesis, the degree of openness of the economy and terms of trade on balance of current account. Further, I apply the logic of standard test of stability to analyze the notion of sustainability of current account deficit in the case of the Czech Republic in a context of time series.
Keywords: current account, sustainability, cointegration, intertemporal approach, determinants of current account, tests of stability
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/372
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:372

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Otakar Turek
Title: Jsou obavy z apreciace Koruny opodstatněné?
Title: Should we be concerned about appreciation of the Crown?
Abstract: The OECD 1998 data analyzes shows close correlation between GDP per head and low relative price level concerning the transition and less developed economies. The correlation, however, is not a causual one. Both sides of the correlation are causually determined by the gap in qualitative properties of comodities, high transaction costs and an outsider position toward the multinational corporations. The theory of comparative advantages is not an adequate reflection of contemporary international trade. A theorem is valid: if the relative price levels of mutually trading countries are different and if each country is price-taker when importing and price-maker when exporting, then wealth is redistributed from the country having lower in favour of the country having higher relative price level. Right this is the transition countries' case.
Keywords: relative price level, transaction costs, exchange rate dumping, theory of comparative advantages
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/373
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:373

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Květa Kubátová
Title: Teorie a praxe měření nadměrného daňového břemene
Title: Measuring the excess burden of tax in theory and practice
Abstract: The article deals about the issue of inefficiency of tax systems expressed though the excess burden of tax. The aim is to give a review about various theories of excess burden of tax, namely Marshall's basic concept (draft), more general (global) idea of non-linear supply and demand (curves), Hicks' excess burden of tax and excess burden of tax with the condition of overall market equilibrium. Theories are valuated considering the reality of assumptions. There are explained possibilities and limits of various concepts (drafts) of excess burden of tax from the aspect of its quantification and there are also indicated implications for the government policy in tax sphere.
Keywords: taxation, excess burden of tax, compensated demand, consumer surplus, producer surplus, tax efficiency
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/374
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:374

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karel Janda
Title: Model konkurenčního úvěrového trhu v podmínkách nedokonalých informací
Title: A model of a competitive credit market in the conditions of imperfect information
Abstract: An information asymmetry in a credit market with a Bertrand competition among lenders leads to different inefficiencies depending on a type of the market. We analyse these inefficiencies in a stabilized market economy and in a transitive economy.
Keywords: credit, Bertrand competition, transitive economy
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/375
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:375

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslav Vanek
Title: Komparativní systémy, destruktivní obchod a spravedlivé rozdělování ve světě
Title: Comparative systems, destructive trade and world distributive justice
Abstract: Using empirical evidence and theoretical analysis we show the fallacy of globalization through free international trade. A new and more comprehesive destructive trade analysis indicates that free international trade per se is likely to worsen world economic conditions and especially those of the poor majority of mankind. The dramatic gap estimated by UNDP between the rich and the poor of the world, and its continuing worsening over the past forty years, are both the cause and the effect of destructive trade. Thus it appears that free-trade globalization involves a state of instability and explosiveness.
Keywords: trade, trade and labor market, international investment, long-term capital
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/376
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:376

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roman Hušek
Author-Name: Jiřina Moravová
Title: Analýza a prognóza na základě modelů binární diskrétní volby
Title: The analysis and prediction using binary discrete choice models
Abstract: In this paper probabilistic models have been proposed for learning and analysis about discrete choice behaviour. The first problem discussed in the article above is the specification and estimation of parameters of three models, the linear probability model and the nonlinear logit and probit models of binary choice. Some of the difficulties associated with the interpretation of the linear probability model suggest the usefulness of the nonlinear probability models. If only one or a few observations exist for each decisionmaker, maximum likelihood estimation is possible for the two models, logit and probit. When enough observations are available one can estimate the parameters of probit and logit models also by generalized least squares method. Given the availability of efficient computer packages (LIMDEP, RATS, GAUSS, SST, TSP) there are little differences in the computational effort of the two estimation methods.
Keywords: discrete choice models, logit, probit, random utility models
Volume: 2002
Issue: 4
Year: 2002
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/377
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2002:y:2002:i:4:id:377