Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Žák Author-Name: Petr Vymětal Title: Institucionální aspekty nové komparativní ekonomie: ČR a EU Title: Institutional aspects of new comparative economy: Czech republic and European union Abstract: The study focuses on evaluation of institutional quality in European Union countries and its possible impact on economic performance and competitiveness. The text stems from the theoretical framework of new institutional economics, especially historical and comparative institutionalism, and it bases on the concept of good governance. The source of the evaluation is the scheme of the World Bank Governance Matters, supplemented with research of other institutions working with individual institutional characteristics. Authors evaluate following characteristics - voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption, which together form aggregate indicator of institutional quality. Old member countries of European Union (EU-15) are classified into different models of capitalism according to their different institutional quality. Institutional changes in new member countries (EU-10, eventually EU-8) in period 1996-2004 illustrate both institutional adjustment of postcommunist countries and dynamics of these changes and their convergence to different types of capitalism. Keywords: institutional quality, comparative institutionalism, institutional characteristics, models of capitalism, institutional adaptation Classification-JEL: E62, H5, K2, K4, P1, P5 Pages: 583-609 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=574.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/574 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:574:p:583-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimír Baláž Title: Politická ekonómia slovenského kapitalizmu: inštitucionálna a evolučná perspektíva Title: Political economy of the slovak capitalism from perspective of the institutional and evolutionary economics Abstract: The introductory parts of the paper analyse development of a local variety of capitalism in Slovakia from the institutional and evolutionary perspective. In early transition period privatisation policies were aimed at development of a liberal version of capitalism, based on fluid capital markets. These policies were confronted with institutional legacies of previous regimes. Privatisation, however, had major impact on structure of capital ownership and management. Next chapters compare contemporary Slovak capitalism with varieties found in other OECD economies. Major elements of institutional framework (labour market, business and financial environments) are subject to factor analysis. OECD member countries are compared via index of market coordination. Slovakia appears to be a market economy with middle levels of strategic market coordination and similar to Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Reliance on bank finance and dual economy are another distinctive features of the contemporary Slovak capitalism. Keywords: varieties of capitalisms, Slovakia, institutional and evolutionary economics, path-dependence Classification-JEL: B25, P16, P21 Pages: 610-631 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=575.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/575 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:575:p:610-631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petra Rydvalová Author-Name: Miroslav Žižka Title: Ekonomické souvislosti revitalizace brownfields Title: Economic context of brownfields revitalization Abstract: Brownfields are old, unused sites and buildings located in urban areas and open countryside. This article deals with problems of brownfields that developed as a result of restructuring national industry, a decreased significance of primary and secondary industry, and the increase of tertiary industry. The main part of the article provides a complex evaluation of the costs and benefits connected with brownfields regeneration in comparison with building on greenfields. The presented model evaluates both alternatives from the municipality, investor and public interest points of view. In a conclusion, there is given a recommended procedure for brownfields regeneration. The first step is to create a database of brownfields which will be later followed by the evaluation of identified brownfields according to attractiveness for investors, usability of individual brownfields from the point of view of land use planning and also the search of financial resources for regeneration and evaluation of economic efficiency of brownfields revitalization. Keywords: brownfield, brownfields database, greenfield, land use planning, preference index, urban sprawl Classification-JEL: H71, H72, H83, O18, Q51, R52, R58 Pages: 632-645 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=576.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/576 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:576:p:632-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dagmar Brožová Title: Diskriminace žen v ekonomické teorii vybrané problémy Title: The economics of sex discrimination Abstract: Paper outlines economic connections of labor market discrimination. It is intended on discrimination based upon gender, because this type of discrimination is on the point of our social background. In the introductory part are defined discrimination and delineated the various types of discrimination. Further there are presented data to suggest the possibility of discrimination. The major part of paper presents four important labor market models of discrimination: taste for discrimination model, monopsony model of discrimination (market power model), statistical discrimination model and the crowding model of discrimination (occupational segregation). In the following part are discussed the other nondiscriminatory factors determinating male - female earnings differentials. Discrimination in law is the last part of this paper. Keywords: labor market discrimination, models of discrimination, nondiscriminatory factors, discrimination and law Classification-JEL: J42, J70, J71 Pages: 646-660 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=577.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/577 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:577:p:646-660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonie Doležalová Title: Národní nebo individuální zájem: případ prvorepublikového Československa Title: National or individual interest: the case of the first- republic Czechoslovakia Abstract: The key question of the presented thesis is what precisely economic nationalism means. The author uses the situation in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars as a background of her examination of both its dimensions, economic and nationalistic. She points out several problems arising from the use of the term. She also answers the question to what extent economic nationalism is economic and to what extent it is national. Following her empiric study of the effects of nationalism on economic relations, the author redefines the existing conception and suggests that emphasis be put on the terms economic emancipation and above all national economism. The latter expression describes non-standard economic relations - politically motivated creation of highly deformed market environments characterised by restricted entry opportunities, with the nationality of capital holders being the principal disqualifying condition. Keywords: economic interest, nationalism, economic relations, Czechoslovakia 1918-1948 Classification-JEL: J15, K11, K23, L51, N14, N44, N84 Pages: 661-678 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=578.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/578 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:578:p:661-678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dagmar Lesáková Title: Teória transakčných nákladov a jej vplyv na stratégie nadnárodných spoločností Title: Transaction costs theory and its impact on strategies of multinational enterprises Abstract: The theory of internalization currently seems to be generally accepted as a possible explanation of multinational enterprise. The issue of the theory is that a multinational enterprise has developed a firm-specific advantage in its home market, usually in the form of intangible assets, giving the firm some superior production, product, marketing or management knowledge. If these assets are not exploited through market or contractual transactions, an "internal" market has to be created. Expansions outside the firm´s domestic market will then take form of horizontal and vertical integration. The firm either establishes or buys manufacturing plants outside its home market. The multinacional enterprise thus exists because of "market failures" or high "contracting costs". The firm wants to protect its intangible assets and to be able to control the price, which others pay for the use of these assets. The internalization theory has also much to say about the modes of cross border resource transfer. We come to the conclusion that the internalization theory can be considered as a useful tool to describe and advice the governance structures in MNE even in recent days, especially regarding the management of innovation and knowledge transfer between subsidiaries and corporate centre and subsidiaries themselves. We conclude that a mix of autonomous and corporate induced activities has to be created, in order to respond to the local market and in the same time to look for an international economy of scope. What will be needed for the future research in this aspect is an "inside behaviour" research of the differentiated network MNE. Keywords: transaction costs theory, internalisation theory, differentiated network, location-bound knowledge, firm-specific knowledge Classification-JEL: F23 Pages: 679-690 Volume: 2006 Issue: 5 Year: 2006 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=579.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/579 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2006:y:2006:i:5:id:579:p:679-690