Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Rojíček Title: Strukturální charakteristika nabídkové strany české ekonomiky Title: Supply side of the czech economy - structural characteristics Abstract: This article explores development of the industrial structure of the Czech economy in the last ten years from the point of view of the gross value added and employment. It goes from the macroeconomic view at the level of the basic sectors to more detailed view focused on the individual branches. Increased attention is paid to manufacturing, which is analysed in more detailed structure. The accent is put on the labour productivity development and its main factors. The comparison is carried out in the time series, as well as within the EU member states. Besides the analysis on the level of individual sectors and industries the attention is paid to the groups of activities by technological and knowledge intensity in the manufacturing and services. In addition to industrial view the product view is applied for imports and exports of high-tech products. Keywords: structural changes, sectoral structure, labour productivity, shift-share analysis, technological intensity, high-tech products Classification-JEL: E23, L16 Pages: 435-457 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=607.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/607 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:607:p:435-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Hlaváček Title: Systém pojištění vkladů v České republice: historie, současný stav a porovnání s Evropskou unií Title: The deposit guarantee-scheme in the Czech republic: history, status quo and comparison with the european system Abstract: Czech laws on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes are characterized. It is described history of rise of the Czech Deposit Insurance Fund and dynamics of its basic characteristics. Czech deposit guarantee system is compared with the European system and with the European Directive on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes. It is calculated the effective rate of "taxation" by the compulsory payment to Czech Deposit Insurance Fund, which is (because of the very low interest rates in the Czech Republic) extremely high (about 30-40 %). Recommendations: 1) discard the audited firms from the Deposit Guarantee-Scheme and 2) decrease the amounts compulsorily paid by banks for deposits of small clients (deposits of households). Keywords: Deposit Insurance, the Czech Deposit Insurance Fund, the European Directive on Deposit Guarantee-Schemes Classification-JEL: C10, E53 Pages: 458-472 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=608.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/608 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:608:p:458-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emília Zimková Author-Name: Jaroslav Barochovský Title: Odhad potenciálneho produktu a produkčnej medzery v slovenských podmienkach Title: Estimation of potential product and output gap in slovak conditions Abstract: The efficiency of macroeconomic policies depends on adequate business cycle approximation. Given that potential output and the output gap (the difference between actual and potential output) are not directly observable, their values need to be estimated using alternative statistical, structural, and combined techniques. In this paper the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the Cobb-Douglass production function has been applied on the Slovak conditions. The pross and coins of both methods are analysed. The Hodrick-Prescott filter does not capture the structural changes, which were significant especially in the first half of analysed period. Thus the Cobb-Douglass production function seems to be more appropriate. It enables to detect particular factors of potential output growth as technological progress, capital and labour. Despite of potential shortcomings, this approach is still widely used by international institutions, governments and researchers. Keywords: monetary policy, output gap, potential output, Hodrick-Prescot filter, Cobb-Douglas production funct Classification-JEL: E23, E24, E32 Pages: 473-489 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=609.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/609 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:609:p:473-489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viktória Bobáková Author-Name: Jaroslava Hečková Title: Analýza konkurencieschopnosti slovenského spracovateľského priemyslu Title: The competitive abilities analysis of processing industry of the Slovak republic Abstract: The competitive ability of the processing industry in the SR occurs most often in classical types of production characterised by lower level of added value. Commodities with a low added value participate in worsening the balance of trade of the SR. The high export demand of industrial production also contributes to it. The changes in branch structure of processing industry of the SR are continuously reflected in a change of foreign trade structure. Its orientation is on the products less demanding and primarily on raw materials and energetic sources. In spite of this there is visible the tendency to be focused on exports in lower added value products in Slovak processing industry. The worsening of Slovak processing industry status is visible in the commodities where the export is confronted with new industrialized countries production (mainly in textile industry) but also with countries so-called "mono-cultural" (food, drinks, tobacco). In the given examples there is a strong tendency in the SR to lower the trade volume with these commodities. The analysis results show the increase of traffic means in Slovak foreign trade. Automobile industry is coming to the top and it has become the basic branch of the Slovak industry. The trend of development is from one point of view positive not only from the point of view of volume but also from the investment structures from the side of big investors. But on the other hand the SR has become, by this development, more sensible to fluctuation on the world markets. Processing industry is behind in its competitive ability in comparison with high-tech branches. The causes of it are low expenditures for research and development that should be used in these branches and they subsequently cause the low level of creating the level of added value. Marked falling behind in competitive ability of these branches is shown in their low shares in a foreign trade. Keywords: manufacturing, theoretical aspects of competitiveness, competitive ability, competitive advantage, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Michaely index, Method of market segmentation, technological intensity of production Classification-JEL: F14, L60, O14 Pages: 490-507 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=610.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/610 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:610:p:490-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Fárek Author-Name: Jaroslav Foltýn Title: Problémy mezi národního obchodu sever - jih jako hlavní příčina potíží světové obchodní organizace Title: Problems of north-south international trade as the main reason of world trade organization difficulties Abstract: This article tries to summarize achievements of ten years anniversary of WTO (1995-2005) and the negotiations taking place at its summits from Seattle (1999) to Hongkong (2005). These achievements could be characterized at best as mediocre ones. WTO has been muddling through numerous disputes, the most important of which have been and still are agricultural subsidies of developed countries. Due to double standards and sometimes lack of transparency at least three summits (Seattle, Cancún and Doha) almost failed and the Katar Round ended deadlocked for 2004. The last Hongkong summit (December 2005) saved WTO functionality mainly through some concessions demanded by developing countries" since 1998. Katar Round, unfortunately, is still far from any safe landing. Nevertheless, the article praises some good results, too. The whole decade of such partial and practical struggling open, hovewer, also some issues important for theory of international economics, for example such as optimality of global vers. regional-subregional options for the future international trade liberalization, etc. The article, of course, cannot pretend solving but only draws attention of academic research resp. sorting them and establishing their hierarchy. Keywords: globalization, world economy, international trade, developing countries, agriculture protectionism, World Trade Organization, trade negotiations, bilateral trade agreements Classification-JEL: F200, F400, L120 Pages: 508-525 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=611.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/611 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:611:p:508-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Slavík Title: Neoklasická ekonomie a ochrana životního prostředí Title: Neoclassical economy in environmental protection Abstract: Currently, if speaking about the theoretical background of the environmental policy, most of environmental economists have neoclassical economics in their minds. State regulation of private activities by means of restrictions, commands, taxes and fees is usually seen as the only one way to reach the high quality of the environment. It is believed, that due to market failures market forces are not able to solve the environmental problems. Actually, these are the main arguments for state interventions into the private negotiations about environmental issues. But are these assumptions correct from the methodological point of view? Is the state regulation really the only one way to solve the environmental problems? In this paper we try to signify the main methodological problems of neoclassical economics and to identify, how to solve environmental problems from the point of view of other economic school of thoughts. The development of theoretical aspects of environmental issues was not fetched up in 60's. and 70's with neoclassical conclusions, but it continued in 80's and 90's with free-market-environmentalism. This theoretical background contains the methodology of Austrian school of thoughts, Public Choice theory and new institutional economics. In the present environmental policy, theoretical conclusions of these school of thoughts are (intentionally) marginalized. At the end of this paper we discuss the interdependence between environmental degradation and economic growth. Is the economic growth bad or good for environmental protection? To answer this question we follow the modeling approach. Keywords: effectiveness, methodology, environment, externality Classification-JEL: A12, B13, B41, D61, D62, O40, Q01 Pages: 526-538 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=612.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/612 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:612:p:526-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František Svoboda Title: Za obzor neoklasické ekonomie: cesta k principům nové institucionální ekonomie Title: Beyond the horizon of neoclassical economics: navigation to principles of the new institutional economics Abstract: This paper starts with discussion about enhanced and frequently used conceptions of free markets, market failures and market primacy. There are pointed some simplifications due to the man should be prospective while using them, especially in applied economics. We have no positive definition of a free market and it is not clear, how often and if any we can observe such market about us. Troubles with market failures are derived from different meanings in different schools of economic thought. The market primacy is an abstract concept more than historical fact. Because of such difficulties the paper is inscribed to institutional alternative which is able to evolve complex research of institutions and to involve useful aspects of neoclassical economics. Useful ground for this analysis is institutional individualism which defines program for research of institutional framework of economy. Keywords: new institutional economics, free market, market failures, market primacy, neoclassical economics Classification-JEL: B20, D02, D49 Pages: 539-557 Volume: 2007 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=613.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/613 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2007:y:2007:i:4:id:613:p:539-557