Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mojmír Hájek Title: Ekonomický růst v České republice a nových členských zemích Evropské unie v období 1995-2006 Title: Economic growth in the Czech Republic and new member states of the European Union in the period 1995-2006 Abstract: The paper examines the sources of economic growth in the ten new member states of the European Union (EU-10) and in previous member states (EU-15) as a whole. Special attention is devoted to the Czech republic, both from macroeconomic point of view and from the view of nine industries. For the analyses is used growth accounting method, where factors of production are labour, capital and total factor productivity. With the exception of the Czech Republic and EU-15 the reconstruction of capital stock was needed. We have used perpetual inventory method. The analyses has shown, that the main factor of economic growth in EU-10 was total factor productivity, mainly in the Baltic states. In the Czech Republic the main driving force of macroeconomic total factor productivity was manufacturing industry. The fast growing total factor productivity in EU-10 was the main factor of convergence to EU-15. Keywords: sources of economic growth, growth accounting, economic growth and total factor productivity, growth in EU-10 and EU-15 Classification-JEL: O47 Pages: 435-448 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=646.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/646 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:646:p:435-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Růžena Vintrová Title: Česká a slovenská ekonomika 15 let po rozdělení Title: The czech and slovak economy 15 years after the split Abstract: The economic development of the Czech Republic and Slovakia after the split of former Czechoslovakia in 1993 shows some important differences, caused by different economic policy and the starting level. The convergence of the Slovak economic level to the Czech one was very fast after the World War II, due to the massive reallocation of resources (the transfer of resources in favour of Slovakia represented 11 % of the Slovak GDP). The Slovak economy adjusted to the lower economic level after the split by sinking real wages and by depreciation of the Slovak koruna, so that the ULC are now the lowest among the Central European countries. Slovakia enjoyed very fast growth of GDP in recent years fluctuating from 7 to 10 %, while in the Czech Republic it reached from 6 to 7 %. The abundant inflow of FDI and economic reforms helped to speed the real convergence in Slovakia, which continued fluently after a deep fall accompanying the split of Czechoslovakia. In 2007, the Slovak GDP per capita measured in PPS reached 84 % of the Czech one. The common challenge for both economies is to overcome the one-sided orientation on cost/price competitiveness based on low wages and pass over to the qualitative competitive advantage, based on the innovations and production of high quality goods and services. Keywords: real gross domestic income, economic consequences of common state split, reallocation of resources between regions, real convergence of catching-up economy, price and wage level convergence, costs and gains of euro adoption Classification-JEL: E31, F15, F43, O11 Pages: 449-466 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=647.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/647 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:647:p:449-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Hanousek Author-Name: Evžen Kočenda Title: Kontrolní potenciál státu nad zprivatizovanými podniky Title: Control potential of the state in privatized firms Abstract: The privatization strategy in many transition economies involved the creation of a special government agency that administered state property during privatization programs as well as after the privatization was declared complete. The National Property Fund (FNM) was the agency in the Czech Republic. In many firms the state kept residual state property long after the privatization was completed. We analyze the control potential of the state exercised through the FNM via the control rights associated with capital stakes in firms along with special voting rights provided by law. Based on complete data set on assets as well as the means of control in privatized firms we conclude that for most of the 1994-2005 period state control potential was extensive and certainly larger than was found by earlier research. Keywords: privatization, state control potential, golden share, strategic firms Classification-JEL: D2, G3, H8, L3, P4 Pages: 467-483 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=648.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/648 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:648:p:467-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Gregor Title: Rozpočtová pravidla a rozpočtový proces: Teorie, empirie a realita České republiky Title: Budgetary rules and budget process: Theory, empirics, and the case of the Czech Republic Abstract: We survey theories of impacts of budgetary rules in the budget process, review empirical evidence and on the basis of comparative studies attempt to design the optimal shape of the Czech budgetary rules. The theoretical part focuses on conventional and non-intuitive effects of spending caps and spending targets under alternative electoral systems. The empirical part conveys a meta-analysis of five studies on fiscal governance in Central and Eastern European countries. The final part recommends changes in the Czech budget process. Keywords: public finance, budget process, fiscal rules, fiscal governance Classification-JEL: H11, H61, H62 Pages: 484-504 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=649.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/649 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:649:p:484-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Igor Kotlán Title: Gnoseologické přístupy k daňové reformě v ČR Title: Gnoseology approach to the tax reform in the Czech Republic Abstract: This article presents the approach to the tax reform in the Czech Republic and uses the normative and the teleology theory view. The impulse of this text we can find in lame solution of the public finance reform, in which the elements of the basic methodology thinking are often missing there. This paper uses the texts and the ideas of great lawyers and economists Engliš and Weyr. The first of them derives benefit from the teleology theory, which is based on the relation between the effect and the instrument. The second one plays on normative approach to the noesis. This is based on research of the causality world and the normative world, so we can discuss about the world dualism. The tax law can use both of these opinions approaches. Keywords: tax burden, law and economics, public finance, tax reform, normative theory, teleology approach Classification-JEL: B41, H20, K34 Pages: 505-519 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=650.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/650 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:650:p:505-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Kadeřábková Author-Name: Martin Cícha Title: Význam forem učení pro inovační výkonnost Title: Models of learning in innovation performance Abstract: The paper evaluates innovative performance in terms of theoretical and methodological concept of learning economy applied to the EU countries. Implications of this assessment for quality-based competitiveness are also discussed, and the positions of EU countries are compared as to different sources of competitiveness (cost vs. knowledge-based advantage) and technology knowledge (internal innovative capacity vs. technology transfer). The theoretical and methodological concept of learning economy has so far not been applied to the new EU members. The paper starts with the introductory description of the key theoretical and methodological concepts and clarification of the applied terms and methods. The exploited data set is described and major results of the analysis of organisational models presented. The structural aspect includes classification according to industries, occupations and countries. The impact of national differences on organisational models is evaluated. The typology of organiyational models is subsequently compared against the typology of innovators and sources of competitiveness. Keywords: learning economy, innovation mode, organizational models Classification-JEL: O31, O32, O33 Pages: 520-535 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=651.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/651 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:651:p:520-535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Arlt Author-Name: Milan Bašta Title: Časové řady měsíční a roční míry inflace a jejich vlastnosti Title: Time series of monthly and yearly inflation rates and their properties Abstract: Monthly and yearly inflation rates can be understood as rates of dynamics of the basic inflation indicator i.e. the consumer price index. These indicators modify the original inflation information. It is important to analyze the difference of the consumer price index, monthly and yearly inflation rates, from the viewpoint of their frequency content, time lag and deformations. The theory of linear filtration and its representation in the frequency domain is used. Under particular assumptions, in the time series of yearly inflation rate there can be spurious cycles and high-frequency motions. The time series of yearly inflation rate lags behind the time series of instantaneous inflation rate about six months in low frequencies and the time series of monthly inflation rate lags behind the time series of instantaneous inflation rate about half of the month in all frequencies. Keywords: consumer price index, inflation rate, linear filtration, frequency analysis, spectrum, phase lag Classification-JEL: C02, C22, E31 Pages: 536-556 Volume: 2008 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=652.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/652 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2008:y:2008:i:4:id:652:p:536-556