Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Rojíček
Title: Konkurenceschopnost obchodu ČR v procesu globalizace
Title: Competitiveness of the Trade of the Czech Republic in the Process of Globalisation
Abstract: Economic globalisation can be defined as growing interdependence of financial and goods and services markets in the international scale. The important part of globalisation form supranational corporations, which are reaction on the rising competitiveness and need for strategic alliances. The more open is the economy, the more important are the effects of globalisation on the goods and capital flows. This is the case of the Czech Republic, which is vitally dependent on the successful export performance. The export performance is relatively specialized concerning its product and territorial structure. In the period after EU accession the intensity of international cooperation grew rapidly in all the Central European countries, which is mostly the result of the huge FDI inflow at the beginning of the decade. Generally the process of globalisation has its positive and negative effects. For the Czech Republic the positive aspects of globalisation prevail due to its geographical location, qualified and cheap labour force and EU membership.
Keywords: competitiveness, transaction costs, fragmentation of value chain, high-tech products, globalisation, structure of trade
Classification-JEL: F11, F14, F43
Pages: 147-165
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=724.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/724
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:724:p:147-165
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Josef Novotný
Title: Regionální ekonomická konvergence, divergence a další aspekty distribuční dynamiky evropských regionů v období 1992-2006
Title: Regional Convergence, Divergence and Other Aspects of Distributional Dynamics of European Regions in the Period 1992-2006
Abstract: The paper provides an exploratory analysis of regional dynamics among 264 NUTS2 EU-27 regions over the period 1992-2006. Seven different regional indicators are analyzed including wages, household expenditures, retail sales, investments, productivity, GDP, and GDP adjusted for international purchasing power differences. Several aspects of regional dynamics are studied such as convergence, polarization, role of international component, overall mobility, and individual mobility of Czech regions. Different methods are employed including some traditional techniques such as Gini coefficient, Theil decomposition, or kernel density estimates but also more innovative measures based on the pair-wise comparisons of regions. The results suggest strong regional convergence in relative ratios hand in hand with increasing absolute gaps among European regions. The analysis also indicates a significant bipolarity in the investigated distributions and a major role of international component in the process of European regional development. From the Czech regions, only Praha and Střední Čechy recorded some upward mobility in the European regional rank distributions, while the relative positions of all other units deteriorated.
Keywords: European Union, exploratory analysis, regional convergence, regional growth, regional dynamics
Classification-JEL: C2, O18, O52, R12
Pages: 166-185
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=725.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/725
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:725:p:166-185
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luboš Marek
Title: Analýza vývoje mezd v ČR v letech 1995-2008
Title: The Trend of Income Distributions in Czech Republic in the Years 1995-2008 Analysis
Abstract: This article describes the trend of income distributions in Czech Republic over the years 1995-2008. There is not social economy study on the topic incomes. We analyze time series of incomes over these years. The income distributions and their trends are analyzed over all Czech Republic, next depending on sex and age (we work with three age groups - under 30 years, 30-50 years and over 50 years). For the better comparison in each category we published the common characteristics of location and variability and their trend over time. The trend of incomes in CR is increasing linear over time in accordance to sex and to age, too. As suitable characteristic of location we have chosen average and median. For measurement of variability we have used standard deviation. The Gini index over all Czech Republic and for each category was calculated. The values of this index are increasing over time. The values are in boundaries 0,22-0,265 over all Czech Republic.
Keywords: forecasting, variability, incomes, histogram, average, percentiles, modus, standard deviation, Gini index
Classification-JEL: C40, F470
Pages: 186-206
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=726.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/726
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:726:p:186-206
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jozef Baruník
Author-Name: Branislav Soták
Title: Vplyv rôznych foriem vlastníctva na efektivitu českých a slovenských bánk: prístup analýzy stochastických hraníc
Title: Influence of Different Ownership Forms on Efficiency of Czech and Slovak Banks: Stochastic Frontier Approach
Abstract: The paper presents empirical analysis of influence of different ownership forms on efficiency of Czech and Slovak banks using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The paper brings new results as it uses set of data which has not been used previously in the literature. On the set of 44 Czech and 21 Slovak banks in the 1996 - 2005 period we show, that the stochastic specification of cost frontier is justified method for the data. Our main findings are that the structural influences are significant for both countries. Foreign-owned banks are bit more cost efficient than domestic private banks, state-owned banks are significantly less cost efficient when compared to domestic private banks. Extent of inefficiency also depends on the specification of the model.
Keywords: stochastic frontier analysis, ownership forms, bank efficiency
Classification-JEL: C13, G21
Pages: 207-224
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=727.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/727
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:727:p:207-224
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Lux
Author-Name: Petr Sunega
Title: Udržitelnost vývoje cen bytů v České republice
Title: The Sustainability of House Price Trends in the Czech Republic
Abstract: On the background of current global mortgage crisis the article discusses the housing market theory and particularly the methods and indicators used for the evaluation of long-term sustainability of house price trends. The authors provide the time series of such indicators for selected OECD countries, critically examine the past research studies evaluating pre-crisis house price development and argue that house price falls present in many developed countries are more the causes than the consequences of mortgage crisis. The change in house price trends in 2007 in many developed countries could be thus interpreted as the result of the previous record house price growth, often labeled as a price bubble. In view of this hypothesis the authors try to assess the sustainability of house price development in the Czech Republic, using several indicators, error correction models and different data sources. The methods for construction of reliable house price indices are also discussed here. The results show that house prices in the Czech Republic could be above their "equilibrium" levels at the end of 2007 but this deviation was far lower than in countries like UK, Spain, Netherlands or Ireland.
Keywords: transition economies, house prices, housing market, house price indices, asset pricing
Classification-JEL: G12, P22, R21, R31
Pages: 225-252
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=728.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/728
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:728:p:225-252
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zdeněk Hrdlička
Author-Name: Jana Ištvánfyová
Author-Name: Leoš Vítek
Title: Systémy účetnictví a evidence daňových příjmů vládních institucí
Title: The System of Accounting for Government Tax Revenues
Abstract: Government systems of accounting are in the EU - as well as in other developed countries - based on the GFS (national) reporting systems and a cash reporting. The presented paper aims to describe main systems of reporting tax revenues, analyse problem areas within tax accrualisation and review international and Czech approaches and experiences. Based on the experiences from the Czech Republic´s and international environment, it is pointed out at some disputable features of accrualisation from the perspective of the simplicity of reporting and its transparency. Following the initial overview, the paper deals with a description of various approaches of how to report tax revenues. The main concentration is placed on a purely accrual, time adjusted, cash approach. Next is presented a review of the praxis and results in the Czech Republic and abroad, with examples of various results of a tax quota calculation using four different methods.
Keywords: Czech Republic, Government accounting, tax revenues, ESA 95, GFS 2001, accrual accounting, time-adjusted cash, cash evidence
Classification-JEL: E01, H20
Pages: 253-270
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=729.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/729
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:729:p:253-270
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimír Tomšík
Title: Ohlédnutí za reformami, ohlédnutí za konferencí dvacet let finančních a bankovních reforem v České republice
Pages: 271-277
Volume: 2010
Issue: 2
Year: 2010
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=730.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/730
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:2:id:730:p:271-277