Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Šárka Laboutková Author-Name: Milan Žák Title: Lobbování v Evropské unii a v České republice Title: Lobbying in the European Union and Czech Republic Abstract: The paper deals with lobbying in the EU and CR. The starting point is the selected definitions of lobbying and lobbying efforts to integrate into the broader context of promoting economic interests in society. The text therefore considers the criteria for defining lobbying, the defining of the environment for lobbying and the role of interest groups and tries to map the relevant literature on the topic. When you defi ne the issues of lobbying in the EU, the emphasis is on structural differences between the EU in terms of influence and being influenced and the bureaucratic apparatus throughout the countries. For various interest groups operating in the European political market is important to know the position of the EU institutions to lobbying and their willingness to create binding standards of behaviour and conduct (codes), as well as the need to define the line between lobbying and corruption. The text also deals with the assessment and measurement capabilities of different forms and methods of lobbing; it compares the direct and indirect data of the EU-15, the CR and the new EU Member States which regulate lobbying (unlike the CR). Keywords: corruption, institutional quality, interests, lobbying, the EU, codes Classification-JEL: D710, D730, H190, P52 Pages: 579-595 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=748.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/748 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:748:p:579-595 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Daňhel Author-Name: Eva Ducháčková Title: Problémy obecné metodologie věd ovlivňují neuspokojivý stav ekonomické vědy Title: How Common Methodology Problems Affect the Unsatisfactory Status of Economic Science Abstract: The authors of the article point out that the theory of economics has failed to yield a solid theoretical background in such critical situations as the period of the current fi nancial and economic crisis and the transformation period of post-communist economies. Mainly present crisis opens the question of unsatisfactory status of economic science. While classical liberal or Keynesian concepts are failing, theorists cannot look to mathematical modelling for help. It seems that traditional concepts are malfunctioning. Financial market is particularly predisposed for this process. The use of mathematical model is overvalued. The article calls attention on asymmetry of information problem and possible influence and adequacy of regulatory attitudes on return to equilibrium level, particularly in EU. The challenge for today´s theoretical economists is to find a new concept for today´s global era. Keywords: general methodology of science, paradigm of economic science, determinism of stage of the word, decision making of economic subjects, malfunction of mathematical models, regulatory on financial market Classification-JEL: D740, D810, D820, G22 Pages: 596-607 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=749.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/749 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:749:p:596-607 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš Kovanda Title: Kritický realismus: ontologická báze postkeynesovské ekonomie Title: Critical Realism as an Ontological Basis of Post-Keynesianism Abstract: In the following text we introduce those approaches to the methodology of economics that are relevant from the perspective of post-Keynesianism. After a partially historical outline of philosophical and methodological stances of John Maynard Keynes and Nicholas Kaldor we attempt to shed some light on a more recent methodological concept, critical realism. This approach is in one way or in other influenced by the two economists´ ideas in the realm, as well as some other post-Keynesians. We argue that this, originally heterodox, concept has had an ambition not only to operate as an alternative to the methodology of mainstream, orthodox economics, but to substitute it and thus, proponents say, make economics as such more relevant. Keywords: critical realism, methodology of economics, post-Keynesianism, heterodoxy, orthodoxy, mainstream, Nicholas Kaldor Classification-JEL: B29, B31, B41, B50 Pages: 608-622 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=750.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/750 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:750:p:608-622 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/750 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislava Grochová Author-Name: Tomáš Otáhal Title: Podnikání a ekonomický rozvoj: jaký je rozdíl mezi neorakouskou a novou institucionální ekonomií? Title: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: What is the Difference Between Austrian and New Institutional Approaches? Abstract: What is the role of entrepreneurship in economic development from the perspective of neo-Austrian and new institutional economics and what is the difference between these approaches? Neo-Austrian economists claim that economic development is caused by entrepreneurial discovery. New institutional economists argue that structure of incentives determined by the institutional environment provides a guideline for entrepreneurial decision-making. Hence, an institutional environment that rewards rent-seeking does not provide opportunities for economic development. In this paper we offer a comparison of these approaches to show that both entrepreneurial discovery and institutional environment are closely related. Moreover, with the comparison we demonstrate that entrepreneurial decision-making plays more important role in economic development when an institutional change is taken into account. Keywords: new institutional economics, economic development, entrepreneurship, neo-Austrian economics Classification-JEL: B25, D8, L26, O1 Pages: 623-640 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=751.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/751 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:751:p:623-640 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Krameš Title: Výuka politických věd a ekonomické myšlení v první polovině devatenáctého století v českých zemích Title: Education of Political Economy and Economic Thought in the Czech Lands in the First Half of the 19th Century Abstract: The synthesis of cameralism and the classical school of political economy was implemented on university premises in the Czech Lands as the education of Adam Smith was adopted. It was spread out by presentations of Wenzel Gustav Kopetz, the Professor of political economy at the University of Prague, and by professors of political economy at the Olomouc Lyceum (from 1827 at the University of Olomouc). A declining interest of the state in political economy reduced an interest in economic thinking which resulted in a considerable decrease of publishing activity. A certain toleration of authorities to the criticism of the officially prescribed Sonnenfels´ textbook has enabled the reception of new ideas of the classical school into the education. The lectures by Professor Kopetz, have been preserved up to these days, can prove it. A new independent part was formed as a discipline of the education. Keywords: cameralism, national economy, political economy, classical school of political economy, political economy education Classification-JEL: P2, P3 Pages: 641-656 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=752.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/752 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:752:p:641-656 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Melichar Author-Name: Milan Ščasný Author-Name: Jan Urban Title: Hodnocení smrtelných rizik na trhu práce: studie hedonické mzdy v ČR Title: The Valuation of Risks in the Labor Market: Hedonic Wage Study in CR Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between wages and risks of work-related fatalities in the Czech labour market. To prove this relationship, we followed the theory of compensating wage differentials and the theory of hedonic prices. Using data from 2007 Czech labour survey, we econometrically derived three hedonic wage functions. To estimate mortality risks premiums, two of hedonic wage functions used objective measures of fatality risk, one subjectively perceived risk. We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between wages and occupational fatality risks in all three models. The estimated effect was lower for hedonic function with worker´s perception of mortality risks. This result implies the workers themselves underestimate the fatality risks that they are exposed. Based on estimated hedonic wage functions, we computed the value of a statistical life (VSL) which indicates the marginal rate of substitution between compensation and mortality risk. The implied value of VSL is 60 million CZK for the model with subjectively perceived risks and 266 million CZK for the models with objective risks in 2009 Czech crowns. Keywords: labour market, compensating wage differential, hedonic wage function, mortality risk, risk perception, value of a statistical life Classification-JEL: C21, I10, J17, J28, J31 Pages: 657-674 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=753.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/753 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:753:p:657-674 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Vochozka Title: Vývoj metod komplexního hodnocení výkonnosti podniku Title: Development of Methods for Comprehensive Evaluation of Business Performance Abstract: There is need for stakeholders to assess business in terms of its financial situation at each stage of an enterprise. There are plentiful options. You can use the analysis of financial ratios and different Benchmarking methods. It seems advantageous to use methods of comprehensive evaluation of the company from the perspective of interpretation. The resulting value can be clearly classified in the appropriate interval, and thus can predict the future of the company. Most currently used methods for comprehensive evaluation of the company were founded on the basis of mathematical- statistical methods. Contribution analyzes models most frequently mentioned in the literature. Advantages and disadvantages of using each method are summarized in each particular. In the second part the drawbacks addressed by the common attributes of all the mathematical and statistical methods. Of course, the use of probability and frequency limits the informative value of the mathematical and statistical methods. Moreover, mathematical and statistical models are becoming increasingly complex. Unfortunately, their informational value in any way grows substantially. The question therefore is whether to continue the development of evaluation methods on the basis of mathematical and statistical methods, or focus on other options such as neural networks. Keywords: evaluation of the company, mathematical-statistical methods, bankruptcy, solvency, analysis Classification-JEL: G39 Pages: 675-688 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=754.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/754 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:754:p:675-688 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marek Loužek Title: Protestantská etika a duch kapitalismu Title: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Abstract: The paper is concerned with the famous study "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" (1904/1905) by Max Weber. It analyzes both main content and context of this work. It is shown that the main idea of the "Protestant Ethic" is not originally one of Weber, but it was taken over from Sombart and Troeltsch. Weber was significantly influenced - similarly as in his other works - by his environment and contemporaries. The article describes critical reactions of German historians towards "Protestant Ethic" and reserved attitudes of the Catholics. Keywords: German Historical School, protestant ethic, spirit of capitalism Classification-JEL: A14, B15, Z13 Pages: 689-704 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=755.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/755 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:755:p:689-704 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/755 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Cipra Title: Konstrukce modelů pro ekonomickou praxi Pages: 705-708 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=756.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/756 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:756:p:705-708 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Teplý Title: Komplexní pohled do světa financí a bankovnictví z dílny prof. Poloučka Pages: 709-713 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=757.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/757 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:757:p:709-713 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Kita Title: Medzinárodné ekonomické vzťahy - aktuálny a kompletný študijný text Pages: 714-718 Volume: 2010 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=758.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/758 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2010:y:2010:i:5:id:758:p:714-718 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/758