Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Savina Finardi
Author-Name: Jakub Fischer
Author-Name: Petr Mazouch
Title: Odhad míry návratnosti investic do vysokoškolského vzdělání podle oborů, pohlaví a regionů
Title: The Estimation of Internal Rates of Return on Human Capital Investment Differenced by Study Fields, Sex and Regions
Abstract: The aim of paper is to estimate internal rates on return on human capital investment in the Czech Republic. Internal rates of returns are estimated from the point of view of individuals and society. Authors did their own computations and estimations, which are based on some selected data: REFLEX survey, Eurostudent IV survey, data about wage development from Czech Statistical Office and from Information system about average salaries. Internal rates of return are differenced by study fields, regions and sex. Pares also reflects the current demographic situation in the Czech Republic and thoughts about reform of tertiary educational system including tuition fees at public universities.
Keywords: human capital, tertiary education, internal rate of return, tuition fees
Classification-JEL: I23, J24
Pages: 563-589
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=864.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/864
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:864:p:563-589
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/864

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Tkáčová
Title: Kompozitný predstihový indikátor hospodárskeho cyklu českej ekonomiky
Title: Composite Leading Indicator of Czech Business Cycle
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to create composite leading indicator for Czech economy and its comparison with composite leading indicators created by OECD and Eurostat. The theoretical part of the paper consists of the methods that are employed for creation composite leading indicator in the world. We compare methods of OECD, Eurostat, Conference Board and the methods of Slovak and Czech authors. The empirical part of the paper is focused on analysis of 120 indicators of Czech economy and their selection on the coincident, lagging and leading indicators. From the group of leading indicators is created new composite leading indicator for Czech economy which can by used on monitoring and short-term prediction of Czech business cycle.
Keywords: business cycle, composite leading indicator, reference series, cyclical indicator
Classification-JEL: E3, E32
Pages: 590-613
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=865.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/865
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:865:p:590-613
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/865

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milan Šimáček
Title: Indexy finančního stresu pro Českou republiku a Maďarsko
Title: Financial Stress Indexes for the Czech Republic and Hungary
Abstract: Financial stress indexes provide a new tool for regulatory and public institutions, which participate in the supervision of financial markets and in the monitoring of the development of risk in financial markets. Our paper introduced a number of methods of building the financial stress index for the Czech Republic and Hungary. We have developed our indices based on the variables representing the level of financial stress by the movement of market prices of assets, which provides a higher frequency to the measurement of financial stress in the main sectors of financial system, ie. banking, money market, currency, fixed income and equity sectors. We have than evaluated our indices by the effectiveness to identify periods of increased financial stress based on the deviation by one standard deviation of the value of the index from the median value. Comparing periods identified with this method with historical periods of increased financial stress, we came to the conclusion that my financial stress index for each country successfully identifies the development and level of stress in financial system.
Keywords: financial crises, systemic risk, Financial stress index, financial system
Classification-JEL: G17, G32
Pages: 614-634
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=866.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/866
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:866:p:614-634
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/866

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Pavel
Author-Name: Emília Sičáková-Beblavá
Title: Postkontraktační chování veřejných zadavatelů na Slovensku
Title: Post-Contractual Behaviour of Public Contracting Authorities in the Slovak Republic
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyse the post-contractual behaviour in the procurement system, which we investigated in a sample of Slovak contracting authorities at the level of local government as well as central government. This is an analysis of changes in contracts that were concluded on the basis of the law on public procurement. While the pre-contractual phase is treated by law, in the post-contractual phase we can identify something like "a legal vacuum", which can be exploited to corrupt practices. Article examines how important (particularly in terms of impact on the price) are changes in the contracts concluded under the law on public contracts and whether it is possible to identify some factors which affect this behaviour. The regression analysis showed that the prices ex-post rise more if the open procedure was used as well as if there was strong competition on the supply side (In these cases, it is more difficult to ex-ante manipulate with the outcome of the public contract). Therefore, it is probably that a number of amendments closed an evasion of the law on public procurement, and leads to losses in the public finances.
Keywords: corruption, Slovak Republic, Public Procurement, post-contractual behaviour
Classification-JEL: H57, H76
Pages: 635-648
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=867.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/867
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:867:p:635-648
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/867

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beáta Blechová
Title: Progresivní nebo "rovná" daň - ekonomické i politické dilema
Title: Progressive or "Flat" Tax - Economic and Political Dilemma
Abstract: There are currently held tough discussions among economists and policy makers on the most appropriate form of taxation that would be fair, simple, enough incentive to wage work and entrepreneurship and withal also providing sufficient revenue for the state to fund the services provided to citizens. In this debate two opposing views on the basic form of this system stand against each other, namely, whether it should tax the income in a progressive manner, as is the case with tax systems applied today in most countries, or in a proportional manner, which has been introduced in a limited extent in several countries, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. This article provides a brief description of the basic characteristics of both these approaches and summarizes the main arguments presented by their proponents and opponents. The next section describes the different variants of a proportional system, also known as a flat tax system, some of which currently exist only in the yet unrealized proposals, and in the end, then compare their pros and cons.
Keywords: progressive tax, proportional tax, flat tax, tax fairness, tax graduation, tax base, tax allowance, distribution of tax burden
Classification-JEL: E21, G18, H21, H24, H25, H26, K34
Pages: 649-667
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=868.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/868
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:868:p:649-667
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/868

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Loužek
Title: Mýtus racionálního voliče
Title: The Myth of the Rational Volter
Pages: 694-699
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=871.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/871
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:871:p:694-699
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/871

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petr Makovský
Title: Postwalrasovská makroekonomie - naděje ekonomické teorie pro 21. století?
Title: Post Walrasian Macroeconomics - A Hope for the 21st Century Economic Theories?
Pages: 700-704
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=872.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/872
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:872:p:700-704
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/872

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslav Wagner
Title: Rozlišení a chování variabilních a fixních nákladů
Title: Recognition and Behavior of Variable and Fixed Costs
Abstract: The paper discusses particular issues of recognition and behaviour of fixed and variable costs in the cost model based on integration of advances in microeconomics and business economics. In the first part, analysis of cost drivers in cost modelling is focused. Following results of discussion analytical approaches to modelling of cost drivers are enhanced. In the second part, causes and effects of cost remanence problem in cost model are considered and cost remanence problem is distinguished from other parallel features of cost behaviour in the cost model.
Keywords: variable and fixed costs, cost drivers, cost remanence
Classification-JEL: D240
Pages: 668-678
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=869.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/869
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:869:p:668-678
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/869

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš Otáhal
Title: Ekonomická historie: čím přispívá historický příklad k pochopení ekonomických jevů?
Title: Economic History: What Are the Contributions of Historical Example to Understanding of Economic Phenomena?
Abstract: What are the contributions of historical example to understanding of economic phenomena? Economists widely adopt methods of natural sciences. But economics is a social science and the observed economic phenomena are qualitatively different from phenomena observed by natural sciences. Thus the use of natural sciences methods makes implications of economic theoretical models unrealistic. In this paper, I argue that the evidence of historical example is a good method to illuminate the implications of economic theoretical models, because if implications of economic theoretical models are illustrated in historical perspective, they can be more easily verified by common sense thus particular historical circumstances may be partly revealed. Moreover, historical examples also serve to demonstrate the qualitative content of casual economic relations based on human historical experience, which is ignored by natural science methods. The historical example is thus not only more realistic but it better corresponds with the social nature of economic science.
Keywords: methodology, economics, economic history, historical example
Classification-JEL: B41, N00, N01
Pages: 679-693
Volume: 2012
Issue: 5
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=870.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/870
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2012:y:2012:i:5:id:870:p:679-693
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/870