Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Mejzlík Author-Name: Markéta Arltová Author-Name: David Procházka Author-Name: Leoš Vítek Title: Implementace mezinárodních standardů účetního výkaznictví v České republice a její vliv na zdanění podniků Title: The Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the Czech Republic and Its Impact on Corporate Taxation Abstract: The worldwide adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has not affected financial reporting only, but it has also impact on taxation systems. Countries with a high level of book-tax conformity (dependence) have to solve whether and at what extent to allow IFRS results for the corporate taxation. The paper deals with the specifics of Czech Republic, which is an example of open small economy with relatively high subordination of accounting to taxation purposes. To allow IFRS in tax fillings of those entities preparing statutory financial statements in compliance with IFRS may thus represent a comparative advantage for Czech economy. We hypothesize that usage of IFRS for tax purposes is "win-win-win" situation, as it may (1) significantly decrease the compliance tax costs of IFRS entities; (2) increase the capability of tax authorities to supervise the fulfilment of tax duties by IFRS entities; (3) create a favourable tax regime attracting foreign companies to tax their sources of income in the Czech Republic/mitigating the motives of Czech companies to transfer profits abroad. We support our findings by the analysis of micro- and esp. aggregate tax data showing that (a) taxation rules have a greater influence on tax base than accounting profits (b) changes in reported accounting profits are a function of business cycle rather than a function of changing tax rates and/or a function of accounting method choices. Keywords: Corporate income tax, IFRS, Public budgets, Accounting harmonization Classification-JEL: H25, M41, M48 Pages: 811-832 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1036.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1036 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1036:p:811-832 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1036 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Machová Author-Name: Igor Kotlán Title: Právní jistota - možný problém daňové politiky vyspělých zemí? Title: Legal Certainty - Possible Problem of Tax Policy in Developed Countries? Abstract: In the OECD, tax policy makes one of the highly sensitive areas of critical importance to the governance of global economy. The OECD authorities realize the importance of tax systems´ structure for economic output and social well-being, and thus the tax policy has made one of the OECD policy priorities since the OECD´s earliest days. However, the policy has been aimed on giving recommendations to national authorities solely in the area of optimal tax mix structure, while other important aspects of the tax systems have remained omitted. One of such aspects is legal certainty about the development of taxation. If the certainty is low, expectations of economic entities are deformed, which leads to substitution effect, and higher risk occurs. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to validate the hypothesis that higher legal certainty in the area of taxation significantly promotes economic growth. This hypothesis is confirmed within the analysis, and more attention to legal aspects of taxation is suggested. Keywords: economic growth, legal aspects of taxation, legal certainty, tax certainty Classification-JEL: H2, H3, O4 Pages: 833-846 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1037.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1037 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1037:p:833-846 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára Kalíšková Author-Name: Daniel Münich Title: Dopady zvýšení daňových slev na děti na rozpočty rodin a státu Title: Impact of Increasing Child Tax Credit on Family and State Budgets Abstract: This study evaluates monetary effects of an increase in Czech tax credit by CZK 500 per month for the second child and CZK 900 per month for the third and each additional child. The analysis uses a microsimulation model and survey data SILC 2011. The decline in government revenues from taxes due to these changes is estimated to be CZK 4.7 billion annually, with almost one third of the total budgetary costs (CZK 1.5 billion annually) going to families with children in the upper half of income distribution. The average household with more than one child would save approximately CZK 7,300 per year. While the poorest households with more children would gain on average only CZK 2,900 per year, wealthier households with more children would gain CZK 7,000 to 9,000 per year. There is a high share of low-educated and often single-earner households among the poorest households, who gain the least from this change. Increasing the child tax credit would also lead to an increase in the already very high tax differentials between men and women and differences in the taxation of childless people and married couples with children. Keywords: Czech Republic, impact evaluation, TAXBEN model, tax credit Classification-JEL: D31, H22, H24 Pages: 847-859 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1038.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1038 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1038:p:847-859 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1038 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matěj Bajgar Author-Name: Petr Janský Title: Skutečná kupní síla v krajích České republiky: zohlednění regionální cenové hladiny a struktury pracovní síly Title: Purchasing Power in the Regions: Reflecting Price Levels and Employment Structures Abstract: Price levels affect real incomes across countries and regions. We compare real incomes of workers and pensioners across 14 regions of the Czech Republic. We find that taking into account regional differences in price levels compresses the income differences between regions for private sector employees, but increases them for pensioners and some groups of public-sector employees. This result is strengthened when we employ microeconomic data to refl ect the education, occupations, age and gender of workers. Private-sector wages in Prague are 43% higher than in the rest of the country, but one half of this difference can be explained by Prague’s higher price level and the other half by workers´ characteristics. When we take these two factors into account, public-sector wages and pensions are the lowest in Prague. We discuss the benefi ts and costs of the government refl ecting the regional price levels in setting public-sector wages or pensions. Keywords: wages, employment structure, Prague, the Czech Republic, price levels, regional price levels, regional price differentials, pensions Classification-JEL: D12, E31, R00, R10, R28 Pages: 860-876 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1039.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1039 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1039:p:860-876 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1039 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Malá Title: Vícerozměrný pravděpodobnostní model rozdělení příjmů českých domácností Title: Multivariate Probability Model For Incomes of the Czech Households Abstract: The equivalised total net annual incomes of the Czech households (in CZK) in 2007-2010 are analysed in the text. The set of all households is very nonhomogeneous (with respect to incomes) and the aim of the analysis is to determine more homogeneous subsets (components) and to describe the distribution of incomes in these components. The components are supposed to be artificial, the membership of households in components is not known (or observable). A multivariate mixture of normal distributions (four dimensional component distributions) is used to describe a vector of logarithms of incomes, models with 2 to 9 components are fitted. Maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters were found with the use of EM algorithm. Akaike information criterion was used (accompanied by bootstraped test) and models with 3 or 4 components were selected to be acceptable for the description of distribution of incomes. Cluster analysis was performed in order to classify households into components and good performance of the model was found. Keywords: cluster analysis, finite mixture of distributions, EM algorithm, distribution of incomes, multivariate normal distribution, maximum likelihood estimate Classification-JEL: C38, C46, D31 Pages: 895-908 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1040.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1040 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1040:p:895-908 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Potužáková Author-Name: Stanislava Mildeová Title: Analýza příčin a důsledků nezaměstnanosti mladých v Evropské unii Title: Analysis of Causes and Consequences of the Youth Unployment in the EU Abstract: The EU labour markets show a number of long-term imbalances and asymmetries, which are refl ected in a persisting high unemployment rate. A group that is particularly affected by the high unemployment rate are young people. The aim of the paper is to analyse causes and consequences of the youth unemployment in the EU and compare them with the measures. We test 894 POLITICKÁ EKONOMIE, 7, 2015 following hypothesis: "The high rigidity of the labour markets in the EU increases the rate of youth unemployment." Further, we analyse the correlation between the rigidity of the EU labour markets and youth unemployment rate. There is some evidence that Employment Protection Legislation index (EPL) is one of the key factors infl uencing youth unemployment. However, the results have differed significantly the according to the various regions (socio-economics models) of the EU. In the end of the paper the research leads to the conclusion that if the education systém allows a smooth transition between school and work, a higher rate of EPL doesn't increase youth unemployment. In order to reflect high complexity of the problem is the examination of the systems approach. Keywords: European Union, EU labour markets, systems approach, EU member states, youth unemployment, youth unemployment rate, employment protection (EPL) Classification-JEL: C00, E20, E24 Pages: 877-894 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1043.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1043 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1043:p:877-894 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1043 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Korda Title: Zdařilá publikace z oblasti makroekonomické analýzy a prognózy Title: A Successful Publicationin the Field of MacroeconomocAnalysis and Forecasting Keywords: - Pages: 909-912 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1041.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1041 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1041:p:909-912 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vratislav Izák Title: Renesance fiskální politiky? Title: Renaissance of the Fiscal Policy? Keywords: - Pages: 912-916 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1042.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1042 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1042:p:912-916 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Nenadál Title: Adrián Podskĺan a kol.: Adaptivní organizace. Inspirace od Bati po Jobse na cestě k firemní dlouhověkosti - anotace Keywords: - Pages: 917-918 Volume: 2015 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1044.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1044 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2015:y:2015:i:7:id:1044:p:917-918 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1044