Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luboš Marek Author-Name: Stanislava Hronová Author-Name: Richard Hindls Title: Příspěvek k časnějším odhadům hodnot čtvrtletních národních účtů Title: Contribution to the Earlier Estimations of Quarterly National Accounts Abstract: Quarterly national accounts provide short-term macroeconomic information matched with those of the annual accounts. Their mission is to provide synthetic information as soon as possible after the end of the quarter. Due to the pressure, caused by Eurostat shortening deadlines on publishing this information, the task is more of creating a methodology to be used in the Czech Republic. Based on faster and more effi cient approaches, it should enable to perform and present estimates of aggregates of quarterly national accounts for the last quarter (and forecasts for the current quarter) at a satisfactory level of reliability. Basic considerations on the methods of quarterly estimation should therefore depend on indirect methods, ie., on mathematical and statistical models, that enable (given there is a system of short survey estimates) to accelerate and shorten publishing. The article off ers an original methodology of estimating quarterly national accounts values, based on time series analysis and presents the results on the data of national accounts of the Czech Republic. Keywords: system of national accounts, quarterly accounts, mathematical and statistical approach to the compilation of quarterly national accounts Classification-JEL: C02, E01, N01 Pages: 633-650 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1101.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1101 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1101:p:633-650 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Schlossarek Author-Name: Jaromír Harmáček Author-Name: Petr Pavlík Title: Ekonomický růst a lidský rozvoj v rozvojových zemích: zázračný, nebo začarovaný kruh? Title: Economic Growth and Human Development in Developing Countries: Virtuous or Vicious Circle? Abstract: The paper analyses the relationship between economic growth and human development in developing countries. While the former is often perceived as a necessary precondition for successful human development, the latter is regarded to be the main development objective. However, the link between economic growth and human development seems to be more complex. According to Ranis et al. (2000) the relationship is two-sided and mutually reinforcing, so in the long run the countries usually end up either in the vicious circle of bad economic growth and human development performance, or in the virtuous circle of positive results in both areas. The authors also suggest that the emphasis on economic growth does not lead to desired human development outcomes. Our work builds on their research and improves the methodology: we have introduced two new classifications based on countries' outcomes in areas of human development and economic growth that allow us to obtain better and more precise results. We have investigated data for 71 developing countries in three periods of time within 1980-2012. Our main findings are in some respects in line with Ranis et al. (2000) and suggest that countries with high pace of human development appear to achieve and retain high economic growth in the future, thus heading towards the virtuous circle of fast economic growth and human development. On the other hand, countries with low pace of human development tend to fall into vicious circle of slow economic growth and human development. Keywords: economic growth, human development, virtuous circle, vicious circle Classification-JEL: O10, O15 Pages: 651-673 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1102.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1102 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1102:p:651-673 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Bílková Title: Vliv délky praxe na výši mezd zaměstnanců v České republice od počátku hospodářské recese v roce 2009 Title: Influence of Length of Practice on Wages of Employees in the Czech Republic in the Period from the Beginning of the Economic Recession in 2009 Abstract: The present paper deals with the development of the gross monthly wage distribution according to the length of the practical experience of employees in the Czech Republic since the beginning of the global economic downturn in 2009, during the course of the crisis and in its aftermath. The gross monthly wage dependence on the length of the practice has been researched, the dependence intensity measurement being a part of the analysis. The trend analysis of gross monthly wage time series differentiated according to the length of the practice having been conducted, forecasts of wage levels for 2015 and 2016 were constructed with the use of the above analysis. Keywords: wage level, wage variability, wage distribution, length of practice, wage dependence on the length of practice, wage level forecasts Classification-JEL: D31, E24, H24, J31 Pages: 674-694 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1103.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1103 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1103:p:674-694 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alena Bičáková Author-Name: Klára Kalíšková Title: Výskyt a vznik nezaměstnanosti u žen s předškolními dětmi: případ České republiky Title: Occurrence and Rise of Unemployment of Women with Pre-School Children: the Case of the Czech Republic Abstract: In this study we explore the timing of the return of women with young children to the labour market after the family leave, using the Czech labor force survey data. We document the evolution of the unemployment risk by the age of their child and the mechanism through which mothers with young children become unemployed. Majority of women return to the labor market when their child is 3 years old. The unemployment rate among women with at least a high school diploma reaches 12% and among those with lower education is as high as 28% when their child is three. Women often become unemployed immediately after returning to the labour market. Almost 60% of women without a high school diploma and about 34 % of women with higher education become unemployed immediately after the family leave. Moreover, this unemployment is not always just a brief intermission between the end of family leave (or after having returned to their previous employment) and a new job. More than half of women without high school diploma and more than a third of women with higher education are unemployed for more than six months. Keywords: unemployment, employment, parental leave, parental benefits Classification-JEL: J13, J64 Pages: 695-712 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1104.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1104 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1104:p:695-712 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleš Michl Title: Nová kritéria pro přijetí Eura Title: New Euro Convergence Criteria Abstract: The sovereign debt crisis inside the European Monetary Union (EMU) as well as competitiveness problems of some EMU members made the members and non-members of the club address one question: Is a monetary union advantageous? This paper deals with the issue whether or not the Maastricht criteria are good indicators for deciding to join the eurozone, namely for a small open economy, as the Czech Republic. In particular, this analysis addresses the issue of price competition, which can be measured by the real effective exchange rate. In fact, the Maastricht criteria do not reflect the competitiveness of a country. Thus the arguments concerning the advantages/disadvantages of the adoption of a common currency should not be based only on the Maastricht criteria, but at first on the philosophy of the real effective exchange rate. We define a basis for setting new criteria to decideing on joining the monetary union. To sum up, if depreciation/devaluation of the real exchange rate is not a competitive advantage for both Czech exports and the Czech economy (especially in the long term), then the main economic argument against joining the EMU disappears. Keywords: monetary policy, productivity, competitiveness, trade, unit labour costs, exports, open economy, real effective exchange rate, devaluation Classification-JEL: E32, E62, F14, F16, F41, F45, L16, O47 Pages: 713-729 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1105.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1105 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1105:p:713-729 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Šindelář Author-Name: Libuše Mϋllerová Title: Auditorské služby v České republice pohledem analýzy tržní koncentrace (se zaměřením na auditory subjektů veřejného zájmu) Title: Market Concentration of Audit Services in the Czech Republic: Empirical Evidence (Focusing on Auditors of Public Interest Entities) Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the market concentration of audit services in the Czech Republic and compare its results with the international research. The analysis is based on transparency reports for years 2011-2014. Auditors that in the reporting period carried out the statutory audit at some public interest entity are required to compile and publish the transparency report. Among other information, auditors are required to specify their total turnover split into turnover of audit fees and turnover of non-audit fees. Globally recognized Herfindahl-Hirschman index is selected as an appropriate analytical tool. Herfindahl-Hirschman index is complemented by indicators of market share (Current ratios) and the Lorenz curve which graphically displays the unequal distribution of the turnover on the market of audit services. These data show that in the period under investigation the firms forming Big4 obtained about 85% of audit fees. In the year 2014 the Big4 firms occupied 80% of total fees and 84% of audit fees. As a major player on the Czech market of audit services can be regarded two firms - Ernst & Young (EY) in the area of total fees and KPMG in the area of audit fees. The analysis clearly indicates a high level of market concentration of audit services in the Czech Republic. The high level of market concentration has its impacts on the audit quality and leads Authorities in the US and in the EU to the tightening of audit regulation. Keywords: audit fees, non-audit fees, market share, concentration of audit market, auditor´s independence, audit quality Classification-JEL: M42 Pages: 730-746 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1106.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1106 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1106:p:730-746 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Dlouhý Title: Teorie her, formování koalic a koncentrace politické moci v zastupitelstvu hlavního města Prahy Title: Game Theory, Coalition Formation and Political Power Concentration in the Prague City Assembly Abstract: The objective of the paper is to study the political development in the Prague City Assembly after three elections in 2006, 2010, and 2014. The theory of voting games, the Shapley-Shubik and Banzhaf power indexes, and theories of coalition formation are used for an analysis of possible majority coalitions. We developed the mayor’s power index that measures the probability that the party will be the strongest party in the majority coalition with the right having a mayor. Measures of concentration of political power are used for evaluating the processes of political fragmentation. The increased number of political parties represented in the Prague City Assembly highly increased the number of possible coalitions and the number of political parties needed to form majority coalitions. The process of political fragmentation is probably not limited only to the Prague City Assembly. Keywords: game theory, coalition formation, Shapley-Shubik power index, mayor’s power index, Prague City Assembly Classification-JEL: C71, H70 Pages: 747-761 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1107.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1107 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1107:p:747-761 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Daňhel Title: Demiurg nahodilosti a chaosu vydal své ústřední dílo Keywords: - Pages: 762-766 Volume: 2016 Issue: 6 Year: 2016 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1108.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1108 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2016:y:2016:i:6:id:1108:p:762-766 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1108