Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Mandel
Title: Vzpomínka na profesora Václava Bakuleho
Pages: 227-230
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1259.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1259
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Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1259:p:227-230
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emilie Jašová
Author-Name: Božena Kadeřábková
Title: Analýza vlivu slaďování rodinného a pracovního života žen prizmatem míry nezaměstnanosti neakcelerující inflaci v České republice
Title: Analysis of Effects of Reconciliation of Family and Work Life of Women Through the Prism of Non-accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment in the Czech Republic
Abstract: This analysis seeks to map the level of reconciliation of work and family life of women in the Czech Republic. Using a HP filter, the authors estimate and compare the development of the NAIRU on the labour market in the case of women compared with men aged 20-49. The authors also quantify the impact and character of selected government policy measures on the NAIRU of women in the 20-49 age group. An explanation is offered for negative and positive influence. While the unemployment rate measured for the age group 15-64 reached 6.9%, it was 7% for the age group 20-49 and 8.6% for women. An increase in the NAIRU of women aged between 20 and 49 given by reconciliation of work and family life was identified, e.g., for the men’s part-time job category or social care facilities category. To the contrary, a decrease in the NAIRU of women (20-49) was identified for the following categories: number of hours worked per week, number of pupils in after-lessons school clubs, women’s part-time jobs, number of children enrolled in kindergartens, and day care service spending.
Keywords: NAIRU, reproductive age, HP filter, reconciliation of family and work life, measures to promote reconciliation
Classification-JEL: E24, E32, E37
Pages: 316-332
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1216.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1216
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1216:p:316-332
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakub Čihák
Title: Vliv mobilní telefonie na ekonomický růst
Title: Impact of Mobile Communications on Economic Growth
Abstract: In this paper, I empirically examine the relationship between telecommunications and economic growth. I use data for developing and developed countries for 2000-2016. My conclusion is that mobile penetration has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, where a onepercent increase in mobile penetration results in an increase in economic growth of 1.0-2.6 percent. Regulatory institutions have a positive and significant impact on penetration in developing countries; in developed countries, the impact of regulatory institutions is positive but not significant.
Keywords: economic growth, regulation, telecommunications, technological change
Classification-JEL: D23, L43, L96, O47, O57
Pages: 291-315
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1237.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1237
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1237:p:291-315
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlpol/references/1237

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stanislav Klazar
Author-Name: Barbora Slintáková
Title: Vliv zdanění příjmů na zadlužení nefinančních podniků
Title: Influence of Income Taxation on Indebtedness of Non-financial Firms
Abstract: Theory supposes that corporate income taxation encourages companies to issue debt as opposed to equity finance because interests are deductible while dividends are not. In addition, international differences in tax regimes incentivize multinational firms to shift debt to optimize their taxes. Since a high debt level can have adverse consequences, we decided to find out whether taxation is one of the causes of indebtedness of the non-financial corporate sector. We used a macroeconomic approach, i.e., all the variables were constructed at the country level, and employed data for 17 EU member states for the period 2006-2014. The model for short-term indebtedness suggests that there is a relationship between corporate debt and taxation, especially between the debt-shifting incentive and the thin capitalization rule. However, the model for total indebtedness does not provide any evidence that corporate taxation influences the non-financial corporate sector debt. The firms’ debt was affected rather by macroeconomic factors.
Keywords: corporate taxation, corporate debt, debt bias, debt shifting
Classification-JEL: F23, G32, H25
Pages: 253-272
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1239.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1239
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1239:p:253-272
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lenka Maličká
Title: Formálna dimenzia fiškálnej decentralizácie v kontexte vertikálnej fiškálnej nerovnováhy a finančnej autonómie miestnych samospráv Slovenskej republiky
Title: Formal Dimension of Fiscal Decentralization in the Context of Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Financial Autonomy of Municipalities in Slovakia
Abstract: An increase in municipal financial autonomy in Slovakia in connection with the fiscal decentralization during the monitored period 2000-2016 is observable after its implementation (2005) with a certain derogation in the period of the financial crisis (2009). The aim of the paper is to point out its formal increase through vertical fiscal imbalance. It is caused by the dominant position of shared tax revenues in the municipal budgets. Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Granger Causality test confirms a relationship between municipal financial autonomy and vertical fiscal imbalance, which points to a transfer dependency of municipalities on central government. Using the cross-correlation, the expected inverse relation between analysed categories is confirmed in the current period. Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients in the case of lag order point to important timing focusing on the period of implementation of reforms and certain economic effects, e.g., financial crisis and economic recovery.
Keywords: fiscal decentralization, municipality, financial autonomy, vertical fiscal imbalance
Classification-JEL: H71, H72, H77
Pages: 273-290
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1240.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1240
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1240:p:273-290
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Milan Bednář
Title: Obchodně-politické překážky vývozu zboží z Evropské unie do USA: význam liberalizace obchodních toků
Title: Trade Policy Barriers to Imports of EU Goods to the USA: Importance of Liberalization of Trade Flows
Abstract: The paper deals with effects of trade liberalization of EU goods exports to the USA. Despite the current protectionist tendencies of US President Donald Trump, the USA is strongly motivated to promote a deeper trade liberalization in the longer horizon, further strengthening bilateral trade flows, increasing economic efficiency, and thus contributing to the growth of both economies. The primary objective is to evaluate a hypothesis which states that reducing political trade barriers could notably increase the flows. We use gravity models and our own constructed non-tariff trade barrier time series based on tens of thousands of values for EU-28 countries in relation to the USA between 1995-2014. The data are obtained from an analysis of US legislature, in contrast to previous studies which used subjective survey data. The secondary goal is to assess whether a substantial reduction of non-tariff barriers is realistic or not, an issue which other researchers have overlooked. The level of bilateral non-tariff barriers imposed by the USA against EU exporters is rather low in the international comparison, a substantial reduction is not a reasonable assumption. We conclude that dealing with non-tariff trade barriers is crucial as it can substantially increase the bilateral trade flows. Even a less optimistic scenario, with a smaller decrease in trade barriers, suggests that the EU goods exports to the USA could be increased by more than 20%.
Keywords: European Union, international trade, panel data, gravity models, United States of America, trade barriers, tariff and non-tariff barriers, ordinary least squares estimation, Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood estimation
Classification-JEL: E60, F10, F40
Pages: 231-252
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1242.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1242
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1242:p:231-252
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Sirůček
Title: Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za ekonomii pro rok 2018
Pages: 333-343
Volume: 2019
Issue: 3
Year: 2019
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/download.php?jnl=polek&pdf=1251.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/polek/1251
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlpol:v:2019:y:2019:i:3:id:1251:p:333-343