Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Popovová Title: Labor Migration in the Czech Republic after Accession to the European Union Abstract: Integration of the Czech Republic into the European Union in 2004 has strengthened an unprecedented increase in labor migration that has taken place since the early 90s. Main determinants - pull factors - of the development of labor migration were principally economic development (GDP growth, unemployment), demographic characteristics and an overall state of the labor market. Individual migrant communities are characterized by different features and their involvement in the Czech economy varies, too. A period of economic growth is characterized by high growth in employment of foreigners and vice versa. In this respect, the status of foreigners in the Czech market was strongly reflected in the current economic downturn, which confirms the assumption that foreign workers are the most sensitive component of a workforce that can quickly respond to the economic changes. Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, Czech Republic, Česká republika, Economic Migration, Labor Market, Migration Communities, Ekonomická migrace, pracovní trh, migrační komunity Pages: 3-19 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=53.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/53 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:53:p:3-19 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Trávníčková Title: Immunity of Members of the European Parliament Abstract: The immunity of members of the European Parliament is based on Protocol on privileges and immunities from April 8, 1965. Inspired by national regulations, the Protocol lays out provisions on non-liability (covering opinions expressed or vote cast during debates in Parliament) and inviolability (under same conditions, as the members of national parliaments are protected). Since eighties, the Parliament has struggled for a revision of the Protocol unsuccessfully. The revision should overcome the national extension of the Protocol and „upgrade“ provisions, concerning the members of Parliament. Even if the Protocol text has not been revised yet, we cannot say that the institution of parliamentary immunity is rigid, or that it has not changed at all. Decisions concerning the parliamentary immunity belong to routine agenda of Committee for legal affairs and the plenary assembly of European parliament. Some shifts in the interpretation and application of parliamentary immunity may be identified in reports of the committee dealing with particular request for defence or waiver of the immunity, other result from the changes of Rules of procedure of the European Parliament. European judicial institutions also contribute to the interpretation of parliamentary immunity and define the frame of its application substantially. Keywords: European Parliament, Privileges and Immunities, Parliamentary Immunity, Defence of Imunity, Waiver of Immunity, European Court of Justice, Výsady a imunity, parlamentní imunit, Evropský parlament, ochrana imunity, zbavení imunity, European Court of Justice Pages: 21-34 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=54.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/54 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:54:p:21-34 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Ušiak Title: Changes of Sovereignty Abstract: Today, especially in the European Union, there are many state and non-state actors that try to interfere in the organization of states and sovereignty itself. This situation caused the gradual erosion of sovereignty from the inside. If we want to define factors that supported the internal and/or external erosion (e.g. factors with positive or negative influences) we have to identify key elements of this process. Key elements that create limits of both internal and external sovereignty are as follows: 1. change of legitimacy (the question is who has the right to exercise authority), 2. self-determination of nations, 3. minority rights, 4. human rights agenda, 5. economic integration, 6. increase in the number of supranational organizations (EU, NATO etc.), 7. scientific revolution, 8. balance of power, 9. structure of global political system, 10. international law, 11. non-state actors, 12. change of ideology, 13. state security dilemma, 14. globalization. There is also one paradox. Many elements are closely connected with strengthening of security of humans on the one hand and elimination of state as the highest internal authority on the other. Keywords: European union, Európska únia, Sovereignty, State, Erosion of Sovereignty, Security of the State, Suverenita, štát, erózia suverenity, bezpečnosť štátu Pages: 35-54 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=55.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/55 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:55:p:35-54 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Jelínek Title: 5 Years in the EU: Current Issues of Adopting Euro in the Czech Republic Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the fulfillment of Maastricht Convergence Criteria by the Czech Republic for 5 past years of being member of the EU. The Czech Republic hasn’t set the official term of adoption of euro yet and even hasn’t been participating in the exchange rate mechanism ERM II which is the basic assumption for adopting of euro. The Czech Republic is characterized by lower inflation rate during its high economic performance which can be explained by appreciation of Czech crown to euro. The sore point for the Czech Republic is the unsolved condition of Czech public financial sector. The total debt is relatively low but the contemporary world financial crisis has revealed poor adjustment adaptability in times of economic turmoil. Anticipated deficits for following years could lead to lower ratings and hence to expensive debt funding. It isn’t possible to adopt euro in near future without necessary reforms of financial sector. Keywords: inflace, Czech Republic, Česká republika, inflation, Nominal Convergence Criteria, Euro, Government Debt, Deficit, Nominální konvergenční kritéria, euro, státní dluh, deficit Pages: 55-70 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=56.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/56 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:56:p:55-70 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Abrhám Title: Cluster Policies in Germany and Austria (Case Studies with Implications for the Czech Republic) Abstract: The subject to solution of this paper will be the analysis of clusters as a tool for advance in competitiveness of economies with a practical focus on the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria. It is a very topical theme both in the Czech Republic and other European countries, especially in context of challenges of globalization and also within the range of realization of the reforms related to the Lisbon Strategy. The importance of clusters in the field of competitiveness shows itself more and more clearly in context of the deepening of the process of globalization of the world economy. Despite the uniting effect of globalization there are significant differences between countries in the terms of specialization, competitiveness and industrial dynamism. Competitive branches and industrial clusters can keep their successful position contrary to efforts of other subjects to imitate their activities. The origin of sustainable competitive advantages can be seen predominantly in the combination of internal and external sources that are available in national or regional entrepreneurial environment. The sources, including human sources, capital and physical assets are insufficient. The essential assumption of the competitive environment is its dynamism. Sources and abilities must lead to perpetual perfection in mutually boosting process. Just the clusters influence in a positive direction the dynamism of sources and mutual cooperation of the participants in economic system (firms, universities, research institutions etc.) while keeping healthy competitive environment. Keywords: Cluster, Austria, Germany, Klastr, Rakousko, Německo Pages: 71-84 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=57.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/57 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:57:p:71-84 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakob Samsonyan Title: Russian Federation as Strategic Market for Czech Exporters and Investors Abstract: Russian market, it’s size, structure of supply and demand, represents strategic market for the Czech economy both for macroeconomic and microeconomic needs and importance. Czech economic policy in the last period gives substantional attention to promote Czech exporters and investors entering Russian market. First of all there are broad activities of the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade and it’s agencies and institutions: Czech Export Bank (ČEB, a.s.), Export Guarantee and Insurance Company (EGAP, a.s.) and Czech Trade agency. This study indicates and underlines positive influence of Russian transition process in the last decade. As the key information or orientation for Czech exporters and investors could be taken the surway of Russian regions evaluation from the point of view of investment potential and investment risks. The same could be said about the evaluation of Russian market on the basis of SWOT analysis. Keywords: Export Promotion,, Investment Potential, Investment Risks, Regional Differences, Industry, Infrastructure Innovations, Proexportní podpor, investiční potenciál, investiční rizika, regionální rozdíly, inovace průmyslu, infrastruktura Pages: 85-111 Volume: 2009 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=58.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/58 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2009:y:2009:i:2:id:58:p:85-111 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/58