Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radka Druláková
Author-Name: Jan Martin Rolenc
Author-Name: Zuzana Trávníčková
Author-Name: Štěpánka Zemanová
Title: EU Sanctions Policy: Types of Sanctions Measures and Their Relationship to the UN Security Council Sanctions
Abstract: The autonomous EU sanctions policy became visible at the beginning of the 21st century. Apart from sanctions adopted by the UN SC, the EU actively implements also autonomous measures. The paper focuses on the adoption of sanctions (introduction of restrictive measures), its legal framework, analyses in detail the content of adopted restrictions, and the relationship between the EU and UN sanctions regimes. It reflects on the state of sanctions introduced by the EU before March 8, 2011, and for the particular sanctions regimes, it compares their legal basis, the key content of restrictive measures, the fact whether the EU restrictive measures have a linkage to the UN SC decisions or if they are autonomous measures by EU, as well as whether the sanctions are targeted.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, international sanctions, United Nations Security Council, financial sanctions, arms embargo, admission restriction, mezinárodní sankce, Rada bezpečnosti OSN, finanční sankce, zbrojní embargo, omezení vstupu
Pages: 3-19
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=19.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/19
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:19:p:3-19
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/19

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lenka Ďaďová
Author-Name: Petr Kaniok
Title: Åland Islands and Their Status within the European Union
Abstract: This one case study deals with the topic of accession of the Åland Islands - autonomous part of the Republic of Finland - to the European Union (EU). The authors describe and explain specific conditions defining specifics of the Islands. Subsequently follows analysis of the accession process, main issues connected with the membership as well as current situation of the Islands in the EU. The text then proceeds to the evaluation of how the Åland Islands have managed to use privileges linked to their autonomous status in Finland in issues related to EU membership.
Keywords: Åland Islands, Finland, chewing tobacco, autonomy, EU enlargement 1995, Ålandské ostrovy, Fínsko, žuvací tabak, autonómia, rozšírenie EÚ 1995
Pages: 21-45
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=20.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/20
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:20:p:21-45
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/20

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eva Cihelková
Title: European Neighbourhood Policy: Tool For Establishing An Area of Security, Stability and Prosperity?
Abstract: European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) aimed at enhancing security, stability and prosperity of the entire Europe is one of the external policies (activities) of the European Union (EU). The goal of this paper is to analyze to what extent this policy has in fact fullfilled its purpose and has enabled the new division of Europe after first and second Eastern EU enlargement. After brief definition of the goals, tools, expectations, financing and monitoring of the ENP the paper is focused on explaining ties of this policy with regional multilateral initiatives (Union for the Mediterranean and Eastern Partnership) and their synergy efects and especially on analysing the current status of the implementation and future requirements on the ENP as a tool for establishing secure, stable and flourishing European area.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, European Neighbourhood Policy, external relations, external activities, Evropská politika sousedství, vnější vztahy, vnější činnosti
Pages: 47-73
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=21.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/21
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:21:p:47-73
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/21

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kateřina Gajdušková
Author-Name: Adam Krčál
Title: Foreign trade of the Czech Republic and its promotion in times of crisis
Abstract: The financial and economic crisis has hit many economies including the Czech Republic. The negative development in the world economy - a decrease in demand, an increased volatility of exchange rates, a deteriorated access to capital and uncertainty of future development, was due to the openness easily transmitted to our economy and all these factors more or less influenced the development of the trade balance. Therefore the balance recorded a few substantial changes during the crisis. It concerns a decrease in exports, imports and the deterioration of trade balance surplus. The government tried to mitigate the negative development by the trade promotion measures. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the trade balance of the Czech Republic in recent years and to find out the consequences of the crisis on its balance, to what extend it was influenced by the development of the EU demand and how efficient the trade promotion was.
Keywords: crisis, krize, trade balance, export, import, trade promotion, obchodní bilance, vývoz, dovoz, podpora exportu
Pages: 75-101
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=22.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/22
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:22:p:75-101
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/22

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Machytka
Title: Comitology as a driving mechanism of European integration
Abstract: The following paper is aimed to describe technical and executive mechanisms that accompany and complete the legislative procedures of the European Union. With an increase in a legislative agenda a new mechanism has been created. In this procedure specific legal aspects are delegated from The Council of the European Union to The European Commission. The European Commission has obtained special competences to create technical and administrative measures to guide the implementation and execution of the European legislation. To sustain a valid supervision over specific integration procedures, a mechanism called comitology has been finally laid down by the Single European Act. The goal of this paper is to comment and analyze a historical term comitology. This paper also describes transformation of a comitology into current executive and delegated acts of the Commission.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, European integration, evropská integrace, Comitology, Comitology procedur, Legislative measures, Delegated acts, Executive acts, komitologie, komitologická procedura, legislativní akty, delegované akty, prováděcí akty
Pages: 103-120
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=23.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/23
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:23:p:103-120
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/23

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jana Nováková
Title: Research, development and innovations in the EU: knowledge spillover and its effect on the process of innovation creation
Abstract: EU is still lagging behind the USA and Japan in research, development and innovations and the relative importance of Europe in this field is getting weakened also by some developing countries. There are differences in innovation creation betweeen EU member states and particular regions. Tacit knowledge plays an important role in the process of innovation creation although this type of knowledge is not easily expressed or transmitted. The existence of process of knowledge spillover and appropriate institutional framework is emphasized while explaining regional differences in innovation creation. The aim of this article is to describe current situation in research and development and innovations in the EU and review the effect of knowledge spillover on innovation creation in the European Union.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, research and development, innovation creation, knowledge spillover, fvýzkum a vývoj, tvorba inovac, přelévání znalostí
Pages: 121-136
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=24.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/24
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:24:p:121-136
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/24

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lukáš Tichý
Title: Common energy market in the EU and position of the Czech Republic
Abstract: The increased energy consumption in the world along with increase in energy prices and the effect of a number of energy crises in the past few years brought about that a question of a common energy policy and completin the liberalization of energy market have become intensely debated issue in the European Union, including the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to assess the importance of energy market liberalization in energy security and EU energy policy and to analyze the impact of these EU measures in the Czech Republic. Basic objective will be achieved through several sub-issues. The first will examine the nature and goals of EU energy policy after the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force. The second question focuses on the process of shaping the energy market, its current status and constraints from side of Member States. Other questions will ask for the application of these legislative measures and their consistency or incompatibility with the interests of the Czech Republic.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, Czech Republic, electricity, liberalization, internal energy market, interests, natural gas, Česká republika, elektřina, liberalizace, vnitřní energetický trh, zájmy, zemní plyn
Pages: 137-158
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=25.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/25
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:25:p:137-158
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/25

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tereza Svačinová
Title: The Lisbon Treaty and its Impact on the EU Common Agricultural Policy
Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is still a much discussed topic of the European integration process, particularly due to the financial amounts that flow into agriculture from the EU budget. This article focuses on the CAP and its changes after the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty (LT) both in the field of legislation process and the division of powers and in the issue of the content of this policy. The main research question is whether the changes in this field adopted by LT correspond with the goals of the EU identified in the „Laeken declaration“. That is whether the CAP and its legislation process are more effective, more democratic and more transparent than before? The article aims to briefly introduce the approval procedures of the CAP and explain to readers how the system had worked before the adoption of the LT and how it works now. We would also like to assess if the changes are to the benefit to this field or not.
Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, Common Agricultural Policy, adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, changes in agricultural fiel, EU institution, legislative process, společná zemědělská politika, přijetí Lisabonské smlouvy, změny v oblasti zemědělství, instituce EU, legislativní proces
Pages: 159-175
Volume: 2011
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=26.pdf
File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/26
File-Format: text/html
Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2011:y:2011:i:2:id:26:p:159-175
X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/26