Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Sýkora Title: Editorial Abstract: Editorial for Special Issue, No. 3, 2013. Pages: 3-7 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=88.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/88 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:88:p:3-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilya Bolotov Author-Name: Kateřina Gajdušková Title: Srovnání otevřenosti trhů Brazílie, Ruska, Indie a Číny a zemí střední a východní Evropy Abstract: The article compares the market openness of Brazil, Russia, India and China with the one of the Central and Eastern European countries. The comparison is performed in relative terms in the form of a basic/visual examination of openness to foreign trade and investment and as an identification of openness determinants with the help of a fixed effects panel cointegration regression model. The article shows that Brazil, Russia, India and China are less open economies with different factors influencing their openness indicators, but a more homogeneous group than the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe. The article adds to the Europe-Asia comparisons and most likely constitutes the first study on the examined topic. Keywords: foreign trade, zahraniční obchod, BRIC, BRIC, CEEC, Market Openess, Foreign Direct Investment, Panel Regression, Cointegration, SVE, otevřenost trhu, kointegrace, přímé zahraniční investice, panelová regrese Pages: 9-34 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=86.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/86 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:86:p:9-34 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ludmila Štěrbová Author-Name: Kamila Trojanová Title: Patent Protection of European Pharmaceutical Innovations in India Abstract: India is a very important target market for European investors, including those from pharmaceutical industry, namely due to its production and sales opportunities. Production of pharmaceuticals and trade with them have some specific features that develop namely from the system of patent protection and enforcement and from the health system of individual countries. Indian legal system is in the field of intellectual property rights relatively complex and has important differences, including those in implementation of the TRIPS Agreement of the WTO. The goal of the future free trade agreement between India and EU is to negotiate the same level of the protection that pharmaceutical patents enjoy in the EU. It would support expansion of the European pharmaceutical industry at Asian market and would prevent losses from patent infringement or copying. Indian interests in this field are, however, contradictory, namely due to the necessity to protect national pharmaceutical industry, to support exportation of pharmaceuticals and to ensure access for people to cheap medicaments. The article analysis the Indian system of protection of pharmaceutical patents, its impacts on European pharmaceutical research oriented industry and potentials of the future free trade agreement in this area. Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, Patents, Pharmaceuticals, India, Patenty, léčiva, Indie Pages: 35-54 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=87.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/87 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:87:p:35-54 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimír Beroun Title: Evaluation of the Progress of the Asia-Europe Meeting 2010-2012 Abstract: With reference to current intensive Eurasian economic cooperation and deepening interregionalism, the core topic of this article is the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and its current development. The author investigates to what extent the Asia-Europe Meeting has made progress in formulating its goals and priorities. As the related literature concerning the state of evolution is divided and focuses mainly on the future position of actors, the author conducts an elementary comparative qualitative analysis of the Final Chair’s Statements of the last two summits (ASEM8 of 2010 and ASEM9 of 2012). The author attempts to uncover whether there has been progress in formal cooperation between Europe and Asia, working on the assumption that the Asia-Europe Meeting is by nature a non-binding intergovernmental dialogue based on consensus, which also corresponds to the level of specification of objectives and priorities. The Final Chair’s Statement ASEM8 is used as a baseline for assessment. The article then evaluates parameters such as depth, concretization and scope of relevant topics, and also the extent to which the outlined cooperation platform is able to formulate flexibly answers to current challenges and issues of mutual relations. Keywords: bezpečnost, ASEM, ASEAN, Interregionalism, Triadic Balance, Prevention, Confidence-building Measures, ASEM, ASEAN, interregionalismus, triadická rovnováha, opatření na budování důvěry Pages: 55-73 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=89.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/89 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:89:p:55-73 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel Hnát Author-Name: Zuzana Stuchlíková Title: European Union and Japan: Political Economy of Free Trade Agreement Abstract: The European Union is currently negotiating ambitious free trade agreement with Japan, even though it long hesitated to launch such a negotiation. This article aims at analysing deeper changes in the EU’s commercial policy that enabled today’s interest in deeper and more complex regional trade agreements with the EU’s most developed trading partners. These changes are presented on the case of Japan. The authors are trying to answer the question whether the agreement with Japan viable and whether it reflects the new EU’s strategy towards other major players of the global economy. Based on the analysis of crucial agreements and strategic papers of the EU, authors try to quantify the potential effects of the agreement with Japan and estimate its long-term consequences for the EU’s relations with Asia. Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, liberalization, liberalizace, Japan, Japonsko, foreign trade, zahraniční obchod, Free Trade Agreement, Asia, Asie, dohoda o volném obchodu Pages: 75-95 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=90.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/90 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:90:p:75-95 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbora Hradňanská Author-Name: Peter Terem Title: Experiences and Perspectives of the Sino-European Partnership Abstract: The relations between the European Union and the People´s Republic of China have their long-term historical tradition. Nevertheless, relations between the two actors began to develop more intensively during the last decade. At present it is necessary to perceive the relationship between the PRC and EU in the context of changes in the global balance of power. The PRC and the EU have become major players in terms of international activities. Despite the different world the PRC and the EU represent, their cooperation covers a number of areas ranging from economic and commerciala ctivities and development to cooperation in the field of climate changes and global governance. Sino-European relations are also necessary to be seen in connection with the outbreak of world financial and economic crisis and eurozone crisis which has marked the process of European integration process. The primary goal of this paper is to highlight increasing mutualties and contacts between the PRC and the EU as well as to clarify current attitude of PRC towards „old continent“. Keywords: Strategic Partnership, Multipolarity, Sectoral Cooperation, Economic and Trade Activities, Investment Opportunities, Debt Diplomacy, Responsibility, Eurozone Crisis, Strategické partnerstvo, multipolarita, sektorová spolupráca, ekonomicko-obchodné aktivity, investičné príležitosti, dlhová diplomacia, zodpovednosť, kríza eurozóny Pages: 97-111 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=91.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/91 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:91:p:97-111 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Šťastný Author-Name: Tomáš Čech Title: Solvency II and its Implications for Asian Insurance Markets Abstract: Solvency II is the most important regulatory effort for European insurance market in last several decades. The goal of the article is to bring structured and analytical view on the current regulation in the European Economical Area (EEA) and on particular Asian Economical Areas. Therefore the main accent is put on the comparison of regulatory development and best practice approach in these areas. Some of the Asian subsidiaries of the European insurance companies were involved in the Quantitative Impact Studies (QIS) and specific risk indicators were broadly discussed by participants on the Asian insurance markets. However, taking into account the variety of the Asian insurance markets, we cannot generalize outputs and implications delivered by the study. The motivation to introduce similar regulatory approach like Solvency II in these economies is different and sometimes unclear. Keywords: regulation, regulace, Solvency II, Risk Management, Enterprise Risk Management, Risk Based Capital, Quantitative Impact Study, Solventnost 2 (Solvency II), řízení rizik, firemní řízení rizik, rizikově vázaný kapitál, kvantitativní dopadová studie Pages: 113-130 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=92.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/92 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:92:p:113-130 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Vošta Title: Energy Self-sufficiency (or not) of the EU versus China Abstract: The European Union and China have available to them on their respective territory, or dependencies, limited energy sources which can, in individual cases, satisfy domestic demand. However, it is necessary to import a large part of the primary energy for domestic consumption. Domestic energy capacities are not the most important factors which influence the EU’s and China’s current situations. The composition of the energy mix is just as important, as are the energy resources available to neighbouring and distant trade partners; the technological development, character and phase of growth of their economies and their approach to the environment. The EU and China find themselves in a rather unsatisfactory situation, energywise; their level of dependency is high and the energy needs of their economies are constantly growing. The aim of the article is to analyse the vulnerability of these two large economies from the point of view of their energy self-sufficiency [or not], compare their energy situations and give reasons for the great variations and their specifics. Keywords: European union, Evropská unie, import, Energy, China, Energy Dependence, Diversification, Čína, energetická závislost, energie, import, diverzifikace Pages: 131-146 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=93.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/93 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:93:p:131-146 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslava Zamykalová Author-Name: Soňa Gullová Title: Changes on Asian Markets - Challenge for European Companies Abstract: If consumer businesses in Asia are to meet the chalenge, they will have to fundamentally change the way they think about strategy, operations, organization and marketing. As the world witnesses profound changes to the traditional model of global finance, some Asian countries have proven extraordinarily resilient. Global recession has forced companies and entrepreneurs to contemplate new ways of expanding trade and increase consumption in foreign markets. Asia´s emerging economies are leading the world out of recession and the region´s consumers are taking the baton from their counterparts in developed countries. Even the most sophisticated multinationals are ill-prepared and must change significantly to meet the challenge of the Asia´s growth potential. Keywords: Asian Markets, Management, Marketing, Strategy, Consumption, Consumption Behaviour, Asijské trhy, řízení, marketing, strategie, spotřeba, spotřební chování Pages: 147-161 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=94.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/94 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:94:p:147-161 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Dobrovolský Title: European Banks in China: Complicated Growth despite Market Dynamism Abstract: Current market share of European and other foreign banks in general in China is nothing else but marginal. The reasons for it are the industry regulation, the strenght of the Chinese competition and the small effort by foreign banks themselves. The European banks achieved a leading position among foreign banks, their combined market share is however well below 1%. In the near future there are no signs of any change both for European and other foreign banks. That is mainly because of their low interest to carry out local incorporation as well as reduced investments of already incorporated banks. Keywords: regulation, regulace, reforms, reformy, China, Čína, Banks, Europe, Local Incoropration, WTO, banky, Evropa, lokální inkorporace, WTO Pages: 163-187 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=95.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/95 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:95:p:163-187 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qingping Meng Author-Name: Peiyong Gao Title: Strukturální snižování daní pro uskutečňování vícenásobných cílů v Číně Abstract: Under the background of global economy’s continuous fluctuating, China’s economy is expected to experience slowdown of economic growth or long-term fluctuation. The macro-economic policies with constraint of current situation must focus on stabilizing economic growth, adjusting economic structure and curbing inflation. And the major clue to meet these targets is to implement structural tax reduction. This paper analyzes the justification and potential for Chinese government to introduce structural tax reduction policies. A proposal of identifying the appropriate amount of tax reduction and concentrating on VAT reduction which contributes to the main parts of Chinese tax revenues is suggested. We also argue that VAT reduction should be followed by both broadening tax base and cutting tax rate. Keywords: Structural Tax Reduction, Macro-economic Policies, Stabilizing Economic Growth, Adjusting Economic Structure, Curbing Inflation, Strukturální snižování daní, makroekonomické politiky, stabilizace hospodářského růstu, strukturální změny, snižování inflace Pages: 189-199 Volume: 2013 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/download.php?jnl=se&pdf=96.pdf File-URL: http://www.vse.cz/se/96 File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:prg:jnlsev:v:2013:y:2013:i:3:id:96:p:189-199 X-File-Ref: http://www.vse.cz/RePEc/prg/jnlsev/references/96