Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, 2005 (vol. 13), issue 3

The control and planning of industry in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany (1945-1949)

Drahomír Jančík

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):9-26 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.148  

The essay deal with the course of economic administration from the German Central Comitees (Deutsche Zentralverwaltungen) established as a transmission medium to realize the directions of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (Sowjetische Militäradministration, SMAD) to the establisment of German Economic Comitee (Deutsche Wirtschaftskommisssion, DWK) as a central economic authority in the Soviet occupation zone. German Central Comitees were organised according to the production industries, controlled by corresponding departments of economic authority SMAD, whose main aim was the arrangement of war reparations, deliveries to the Red Army and...

History and Concept of the Czechoslovak Economic Reform (1965-1969)

Jiří Kosta

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):27-47 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.149  

The study describes the concept of the Czechoslovak economic reform prepared in 1964-65 and introduced gradually in 1966-68. The reform was, however, never fully implemented, and was scrapped following the political changes of 1968/69.The brief introduction gives an outline of the causes which created the conditions favouring the elaboration of the draft of a new economic system which was subsequently accepted by the political leadership of the country.The next section of the study summarizes the origin, development and demise of the reform, whose nature can be expressed by the motto from "decentralization to democratization". The main part...

Economic and political aspects of german reparations, 1918-1932

Dagmar Moravcová

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):48-68 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.150  

The paper focuses on historical research topics of war reparations paid by Germany in the period between the Versailles peace and Lausanne Conference by which the German reparations duty was finished. It analyses not only the interpretations of the influence of reparations and connecting economic problems (hyperinflation in the twenties and deep economic fall in the world economic crisis on the eve of thirties) but it also deals with the impact of the economic-political decisions in reparations question on the political development of Weimar republic in the context of international relations. It evaluates the hypothesis about a causal connection between...

The challenges of antitrust law in 21st century

Patrik Paneš, Josef Šíma

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):69-80 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.151  

The essay deals with one of the basic type of economic policy - the law of competition. Overseas foundations of antitrust law from the end of 19th century opened the doors for expansion such a economic policy not only in USA, also in Europe. The view on the necessity competition policy has changed during the 20th century and also its conception has undergone significant evolution - while at the beginning of last century authorities fought hard against trusts, in recent years the theme of antitrust law reform including the possibility of its total elimination is relevant. The essay concerns on the key moments of historical development of view on competition...

Programmatic Principles of the Economic and Social Policy in the Czechoslovak Resistance Movement during the Second World War

Václav Průcha, Lenka Kalinová

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):81-108 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.152  

The antifascist movement in Czechoslovakia during the Second World War paid considerable attention to conceptualizing economic and social policy after the liberation of the country. Between 1939 and 1945 the resistance movement consisted of several mainstreams. Czechoslovak political representation abroad was concentrated partly around President Edvard Beneš and the internationally accredited government-in-exile in London and partly around the foreign leadership of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in Moscow. In the home country the resistance movement developed differently in the Czech Lands and in Slovakia. In the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia...

Economic Aspects of Forming Communist Regime in China during the First Years of its Existence

Aleš Skřivan

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):109-127 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.153  

This article deals with the situation in the Chinese economy at the time of communist takeover. It brings a basic characteristic of the Chinese economy including its large problems. The study is also trying to analyse the first steps of the new communist government that immediately impacted on the Chinese economy. It aims at providing readers with an unbiased view of economic situation that could help them with forming their own opinion of new economic strategy's success (or failure).

Historical and Philosophical Background of New Deal

Ladislav Tajovský

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):128-151 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.154  

The article "Historical and Philosophical Background of New Deal" deals with historical and philosophical origins of 1932 economic platform of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New Deal was a reaction to the Great Depression 1929 - 1933, the hardest and the deepest crisis of the modern capitalism. Its attendant circumstances - decline of product, deflation and record-breaking unemployment - caused considerable shifts in the social perception of the role of the state in the economy. However, New Deal was not a consistent package of reform projects - the most significant feature was the pragmatic activism and the willingness to reply to the economic fluctuations....

The Economic history and the economics

Jiří Schwarz

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):152-162 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.155  

The author attempts to show areas in which historical research and historical facts affected economic thinking and knowledge in economics. We may meet with a similarity of an historical approach to reality at some schools of economic thinking based on empirical inductive research approach and on historicism in the sense of evolutionary character of economic laws. History in this sense has influenced a methodology of some schools of economic thinking.History has however affected economic thinking of those schools which is abstract deductive approach and ahistoricism typical for. Historical experience has just contributed to the fall of some well-known...

The Impact of the Legal Milieu on the Private Enterprise in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and the 1960s

Pavel Dufek

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):163-189 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.156  

This article deals with the repression against private enterprise in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s. Czechoslovakia experienced the biggest changes in relation to the private enterprise out of all countries belonging to the Soviet block. During a few years after the incorporation to this block, the legal enterprising in Czechoslovakia had almost disappeared. Private enterprise was firstly restrained by prohibition, and consecutively by the laws that, in comparison to enterprise directed by the state, entailed a big handicap to private business. Later attempts to revive private enterprise were implemented with big difficulties, owing to enduring...

The Czechoslovak-westgerman relations of trade, transport and politicies in the period 1949-1967

Ivan Jakubec

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):190-209 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.168  

The importance of trade and transport ties between Czechoslovakia and Federal Republic of Germany (FGR) is the result not only of the geopolitical situation of both countries in Central Europe but also of their mutual economic contacts, and those with other countries as well. The consequences of the creation of two German states deeply marked the economic, commercial and transport situation in Central Europe for whole decades. The impact resulted from the association of Czechoslovakia and FRG with different military and economic, i.e. also transport and tariff, groupings, which inevitably created a certain framework for defining the limits of mutual...

Sir Oswald Mosley, The British Union of Fascists and their Vision of the Fascist State (The Contribution of the Study of the Political and Economic Extremism between the Two World Wars)

Martin Kovář

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):210-229 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.169  

The study analyses the causes and the development of the British fascism (in the connection with the British nationalism and anti-semitism) since the end of the 19th century to the outburst of the World War Two. The British fascism has its origins in the continental traditions; simultaneously there was an impact of some specific features of the development of the British society (i. e. late victorian and edwardian radical right, different patriotic leagues etc.) The most important fascist organization in the British Isles was the British Union of Fascist (BUF; its leader was Sir Oswald Mosley), orginated in the early 1930s. After a small success the...

Czech (Czechoslovak) Transformation Continuities of 20th century

Eduard Kubů

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):230-245 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.170  

None of Middle European economies experienced so many dramatic changes, changes so deep and large during last 80 years as Czech economy did. At least three historical periods after 1918 can be called transformational, because there were radical planned changes in economy nature which did much more than just a partial modification or revision of existing system (reform), these changes were supported by other extensive changes - at least institutional changes with reform of legal framework of economic processes, wide property transfers, wide modification of elite - and they were connected with substantial political and power convulsions: 1. the establishment...

The Development of the Institute of the Economic History of the Faculty of Economics and Public Administration, University of Economics, Prague

Václav Průcha, František Stellner

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):246-251 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.171  

The study preciously analyses and reconstructs the difficult process of the constitution and development of the Institute of the Economic History since its origin (1958) to the time of changes after 1989. It was the first Czech institute of the conomic history; in its head there were Professor Rudolf Olšovský, Professor Václav Průcha, Ing. Daniel Váňa and Doc. Dr. František Stellner. The study is concentrated to the research of the activities of the members of the Institute, to the pedagogical and scientific part of the work of its directors and members; the study contains the analysis of the published works of the members of the Institute, too. They...

Selected Aspects of the development of the German Economy in the Great Depression

Radek Soběhart, František Stellner

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):252-267 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.172  

The Great Depression deepened problems of the Weimar Republic and contributed to the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship. However, the symptoms of weakness in the economical sphere could be already seen in the late 1920s. The indebtedness of the state and high public expenditures related to the great bulk of foreign loans became the biggest problems of this state. Political parties could not achieve unanimity in anti-crisis reforms and, as a result, in 1930 President Paul von Hindenburg appointed new Chancellor Dr Heinrich Brüning. His cabinet focused on balancing of the national budget and nullification of reparations. Consecutively, the German...

The Bibliography of the Economic and Social History in the Czech Republic in the 1990s

František Stellner, Radek Soběhart, Daniel Váňa

Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2005, 13(3):268-316 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.173  

The main aim of this bibliographical essay is to analyse the major tendencies of the research in the sphere of Czech (Czechoslovak) economic and social history in the 1990s. The bibliography of key studies is divided to five chapters: 1) the surveis, synthesis, general and metodological studies; 2) the 19th century; 3) the years 1918-1938; 4) the years 1938-1948; 5) the years 1948-1989.