Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, 2013 (vol. 21), issue 2
Gravity Model of International Trade, Its Variables, Assumptions, Problems and Applications
Petra Bubáková
Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2013, 21(2):3-24 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.396 
The paper deals with the issues of gravity models applied in the field of trade flow analysis. Applied variables, assumptions of their impacts, problems of gravity equations and their resolving (namely the endogeneity problem, the heterogeneity problem, and the identification problem) are defined in this paper. The paper provides a detailed overview of selected gravity model publications in scientific papers with an impact factor since 2000. According to the document analysis, it is clear that panel data are the most commonly used type of data in the 21st century. Fixed effects models are recommended. The choice of variables depends on the subject...
Selected Judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union Focusing on State Aid To the Energy Industry
Matej Šandor, Pavel Černý
Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2013, 21(2):25-39 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.397
The EU energy industry in is becoming increasingly important and its importance can be expected to grow in the future, especially due to security and environmental issues and aspects of liberalization in the energy industry. In addition, state aid, even outside the energy sector, has had a major impact on the subjects of law in the Czech Republic, and that is not only because of the existence of significant grants from the European Union structural funds. The subject of this paper is selected judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union focusing on state aid to the energy industry. The beginning of this paper contains a general discussion...
Current and Proposed CO2 Taxation in the European Union Member States in the Energy Sector
Jarmila Zimmermannová
Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2013, 21(2):40-54 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.398
Both the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic and the European Commission are going to impose new CO2 taxation. Within the scope of this news, it is interesting to focus on the current CO2 taxation in the European Union Member States. This article first presents some theoretical concepts regarding environmental and CO2 taxation, including a focus on the political tasks regarding CO2 taxation in the Czech Republic. Then both the methodology and data are presented; research in international databases is the key method. The third chapter of the paper deals with the research results; it focuses on current national systems for CO2 taxation in particular...
Japanese Economy in 2007-2010
Zuzana Stuchlíková
Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2013, 21(2):55-68 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.399
This article focuses on the Japanese economy and its development in 2007-2010. It pays special attention to the deep economic crisis in 2008-2009 (the biggest economic slump in Japan after World War II). Factors of this crisis were mostly external (strong decline in Japanese exports and foreign inward investment due to the falling external demand, instability and strong uncertainty in the world economy during the financial crisis in the USA and other developed countries). Nevertheless, the economic slump in Japan was fuelled by low domestic demand and investment as well. The aim of this study is to remind of and analyse the most important trends, achievements...
Determinants of the Risk Environment in Agricultural Enterprises in the Czech Republic
Jindřich Špička, Václav Vilhelm
Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2013, 21(2):69-87 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.400
The income of agricultural enterprises has always been influenced by both weather and price volatility. Nevertheless, the risk environment of various farms seems not to be the same. Similarly, risk factors are not independent of each other. The aim of the paper is to assess the spatial and commodity particularities determining the risk environment of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic. Within the main objective, the efficiency of crop insurance depending on farm size is also considered. Using calculation of statistical indicators of variability in the panel data, as well as Monte Carlo simulation, differences in farm risk exposure and efficiency...