Politická ekonomie 2015, 63(3):317-330 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1005

Vyvolané náklady daňového systému v ČR

Jan Pavel, Leoš Vítek
Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze.

Compliance Costs of the Czech Tax System

The paper presents methods and results of tax compliance costs (TCC) in the Czech Republic and uses the econometric analysis to show which factors affect their size at the level of individual taxpayers. The results of the author's measurement of the TCC for the Czech Republic are following (% of tax revenue): VAT 4,5; CIT 5,5; PIT on employees 3,0; PIT on self-employed 34,4; SSC 1,5-3,5. The econometric analysis of the factors affecting the level of TCC shows the regressive character of these costs. However the decreasing of a relative value of TCC gradually slows down for large taxpayers. The analyses also show statistical signifi cance of the relationship between TCC and costs for external tax advisory. Hiring external actors is therefore more expensive than similar activities ensured by own employees (in- house service). Firms that consider the tax system is complex have on an average higher relative TCC than others. The opposite relationship was identifi ed for tax administration: fi rms that are less satisfi ed with administrators have lower relative TCC.

Keywords: tax system, Czech Republic, compliance costs of taxation
JEL classification: H21

Published: June 1, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Pavel, J., & Vítek, L. (2015). Compliance Costs of the Czech Tax System. Politická ekonomie63(3), 317-330. doi: 10.18267/j.polek.1005
Download citation

References

  1. ALM, J. 1996. What is an "Optimal" Tax System? National tax Journal. March 1996, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 117-133. Go to original source...
  2. COOLIDGE, J. 2012. Findings of tax compliance cost surveys in developing countries. eJournal of Tax Research. 2012, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 250-287.
  3. EC-EUROSTAT. 2014. Statistics Database. Main national accounts tax aggregates [online]. Brussels: European Commission [cit. 2014-10-13]. Dostupné na http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database.
  4. EK. 2004. European Tax Survey. SEC (2004) 1128/2. Brussels: European Commission, 2004.
  5. EVANS, C. 2003. Studying the Studies: An overview of recent research into taxation operating costs. eJournal of Tax Research. 2003, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 64-82.
  6. EVANS, C. 2008. Taxation Compliance and Administrative Costs: An Overview. In LANG, M.; OBERMAIR, C.; SCHUCH, J.; STARINGER, C.; WENINGER, P. (eds.). Tax Compliance Costs for Companies in an Enlarged European Community. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2008, pp. 447-470. ISBN 978-9041126665.
  7. FELDSTEIN, M. 1997. How Big Should Government Be? National tax Journal. June 1997, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 197-213. Go to original source...
  8. GUJARATI, D. N. 1995. Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1995. ISBN 0-07-112342-3.
  9. HANSFORD, A.; HASSELDINE, J. 2012. Tax Compliance Costs for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: The Case of the UK. eJournal of Tax Research. October 2012, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 288-303.
  10. CHITTENDEN, F.; KAUSER, S.; POUTZIOURIS, P. 2005. PAYE-NIC Compliance Costs: Empirical Evidence from the UK SME Economy. International Small Business Journal. December 2005, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 635-656. Go to original source...
  11. ISCMN. 2005. International Standard Cost Model. Measuring and Reducing Administrative Burdens for Businesses. International SCM Network to Reduce Administrative Burdens. 2005. Dostupné na http://www.oecd.org/regreform/regulatory-policy/34227698.pdf
  12. KLUN, M. 2004. Compliance costs for personal income tax in a transition country: the case of Slovenia. Fiscal Studies. 2004, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 93-104. Go to original source...
  13. KLUN, M.; BLAZIC, H. 2005. Tax compliance costs for companies in Slovenia and Croatia. Finanzarchiv. 2005, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 418-437. Go to original source...
  14. LIGNIER, P.; EVANS, C. 2012. The Rise and Rise of Tax Compliance Costs for the Small Business Sector in Australia. Australian Tax Forum. 2012, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 615-672.
  15. MF ČR. 2014. Údaje z registru daňových subjektů [online]. Praha: Ministerstvo financí [cit. 2014-10-13]. Dostupné na http://www.financnisprava.cz/cs/dane-a-pojistne/analyzy-a-statistiky/udaje-z-registru-danovych-subjektu.
  16. MIRRLEES, J. A. 1971. An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation. The Review of Economic Studies. April 1971, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 175-208. Go to original source...
  17. OECD. 2001. Businesses' Views on Red Tape. Administrative and Regulatory Burdens on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 92-64-18716-2. DOI: 10.1787/9789264193468-en. Go to original source...
  18. PAVEL, J.; VÍTEK, L. 2010. Environmental Tax Reform: Administrative and Compliance Costs of Energy Taxes in the Czech Republic. In SOARES, C. D. et al. (eds.) Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation. International and Comparative Perspectives (Volume VIII). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 76-88.
  19. PAVEL, J.; VÍTEK, L. 2012. Transaction Costs of Environmental Taxation: the Administrative Burden. In MILNE, J. E., ANDERSEN, M. S. (eds.). Handbook of Research on Environmental Taxation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2012, s. 273-282. ISBN 978-1-84844-997-8. Go to original source...
  20. PUDIL, P.; VYBÍHAL, V.; VÍTEK, L.; PAVEL, J., a kol. 2004. Zdanění a efektivnost. 1. vyd. Praha: Eurolex Bohemia, 2004. 158 s. ISBN 80-86861-07-4.
  21. ŘEZANKOVÁ, H. 2011. Analýza dat z dotazníkových šetření. 3. dopl. vyd. Praha: Professional Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-80-7431-062-1.
  22. SANDFORD, C. T. 1973. Hidden costs of taxation. London: Institute of Fiscal Studies. 1973. ISBN 978-0902992047.
  23. SANDFORD, S. C. 1995. Tax Compliance Costs - Measurement and Policy, Bath: Fiscal Publications in association with The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 1995. ISBN 0-9515157-5-6.
  24. SHAW, J.; SLEMROD, J.; WHITING, J. 2010. Administration and Compliance. In MIRRLEES, J. et al. (eds.) Dimensions of Tax Design: the Mirrlees Review. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. 1100-1203. ISBN 978-0-19-955375-4.
  25. SLEMROD, J.; SORUM, N. 1984. The Compliance Cost of US Individual Income Tax System. National Tax Journal. 1984, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 461-474. Go to original source...
  26. SMULDERS, S.; VOLLEBERGH, H. 1999. Green Taxes and Administrative Costs: The Case of Carbon Taxation [Working Paper No. 7298]. Cambridge (MA): National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999. Dostupné na http://www.nber.org/papers/w7298.pdf. Go to original source...
  27. SUSILA, B.; POPE, J. 2012. The Tax Compliance Costs of Large Corporate Taxpayers in Indonesia. Australian Tax Forum. 2012, Vol. 27, pp. 719-772.
  28. SOLILOVÁ, V.; NERUDOVÁ, D. 2013.Transfer pricing: General Model for Tax Planning. Ekonomický časopis. 2013, Vol. 61, No. 6, pp. 597-617.
  29. TEPEROVÁ, J.; KUBANTOVÁ, K. 2013. Omezení a možnosti jednoho inkasního místa v České republice. Český finanční a účetní časopis, 2013, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 61-76. Go to original source...
  30. TRAN-NAM, B.; EVANS, C.; WALPOLE, M.; RITCHIE, K. 2000. Tax Compliance Costs: Research Methodology and Empirical Evidence from Australia. National Tax Journal. June 2000, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 229-252. Go to original source...
  31. VAILLANCOURT, F. 1987. The Compliance Cost of Taxes on Business and Individuals: A Review of the Evidence. Public Finance. 1987, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 395-414.
  32. VÍTEK, L., PAVEL, J. 2008. Analýza nákladů soukromého sektoru vyvolaných daňovým systémem [výzkumná studie]. Praha: Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze a Ministerstvo financí ČR, 2008.
  33. WB. 2013. Independent Panel Review of the Doing Business Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013. Dostupné na http://www.dbrpanel.org/sites/dbrpanel/files/doing-business-review-panel-report.pdf.
  34. WOOLDRIDGE, J. M. 2009. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Cincinnati: SouthWestern College Publishing, 2009.
  35. YITZHAKI, S. 1979. A Note on Optimal Taxation and Administrative Costs. American Economic Review. 1979, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 475-480.
  36. ZÍDKOVÁ, H. 2014. Determinants of VAT GDP in EU. Prague Economic Paper. 2014, Vol. 23, No. 4, po. 514-530. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.