Politická ekonomie 2009, 57(2):194-212 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.681

Aplikace mikrosimulačních modelů v osobní dopravě: zkušenosti z ČR a zahraničí

Hana Brůhová-Foltýnová
Centrum pro otázky životního prostředí UK v Praze.

Application of microsimulation models in passenger transport: results from the Czech republic and abroad

This paper summarizes recent experience with microsimulation models applied to analyze economic and environmental impacts of transportation scenarios. First, relevant international studies from the European and North American countries are reviewed. Then, the paper introduces a microeconomic model calibrated and simulated for five largest cities in the Czech Republic. This model is the first attempt to apply a microsimulation model in the transport sector in the Czech Republic. Finally, results of simulations of different scenarios are discussed. Model simulations suggest that the increase in the excise tax on fuels is welfare improving. In cities, where operation costs of public transport are significantly subsidized, this tool should be accompanied with a fare increase as well, because of costs of public funds. A decrease in fares is not likely to be welfare improving because of small induced modal split and high requirements of public funds needed to cover such policy.

Keywords: passenger transport, microsimulation models, urban transport, transport regulation
JEL classification: D62, H23

Published: April 1, 2009  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Brůhová-Foltýnová, H. (2009). Application of microsimulation models in passenger transport: results from the Czech republic and abroad. Politická ekonomie, 57(2), 194-212. doi: 10.18267/j.polek.681
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ATEM. 2001. Zjištění aktuální dynamické skladby vozového parku a jeho emisních parametrů. Praha : ATEM, 2001.
    2. BLUNDELL, R., ROBIN, J.-M. 2000. Latent Separability: Groupping Goods without Weak Separability. Econometrica. 2000, roč. 68, č. 1, s. 53-84. Go to original source...
    3. BONSALL, P. W., SHIRES, J. D., MAULE, J., MATTHEWS, B., BEALE, J. R. 2007. Responses to complex pricing signals: Theory, evidence and implications for road pricing. Transportation Research. Part A: Policy and Practice. 2007, č. 41, s. 672-683. Go to original source...
    4. BOYER, K.D. 1998. Principles of Transportation Economics. Reading, Mass : Addison Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998.
    5. BRÄNNLUND, R., NORDSTRÖM, J. 2004. Carbon Tax Simulation Using a Household Demand Model. European Economic Review. 2004, roč. 48, č. 1, s. 211 -233. Go to original source...
    6. BRŮHA, J., FOLTÝNOVÁ, H. 2006. A contribution to predicting the modal split in urban passenger transport under incomplete data. In DELL´ORCO, M., SASSANELLI, D. (ed.). Proceedings of the EWGT2006 Joint Conferences. Bari: Technical University of Bari, 2006, s. 392-396. ISBN 88-901798-2-1.
    7. BRŮHOVÁ-FOLTÝNOVÁ, H. 2006. Teorie externalit v dopravě. In KOLEKTIV. Roční zpráva k řešení projektu Ekonomika zavádění alternativních paliv v dopravě a možnosti invernalizace externích nákladů dopravy v ČR. Projekt VaV MD ČR č. 1F44E/022/210. Praha : Centrum pro otázky životního prostředí UK a FD čVUT, 2006, s. 97-130.
    8. BRŮHOVÁ-FOLTÝNOVÁ, H., BRůHA, J. 2008. Assessment of Fiscal Measures on Atmospheric Pollution from Transport in Urban Areas. Chapter 14. In CAVALIERE, A., ASHIABOR, H., DEKETELAERE, K., KREISER, L., MILNE, J. (ed.). Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation. International and Comparative Perspectives: Volume V. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008, s. 335-350. ISBN: 978-0-19-954218-5.
    9. COŽP. 2005. Závěrečná zpráva projektu VaV MŽP č. VaV/320/1/03 "Externí náklady výroby elektřiny a tepla v podmínkách ČR a metody jejich internalizace". Praha : Centrum pro otázky životního prostředí UK v Praze, 2005.
    10. DEATON, A. S., MUELLBAUER, J. 1980. An Almost Ideal Demand System. The American Economic Review. 1980, roč. 70, č. 3, s. 312-36.
    11. DOMENCICH, T. A., McFADDEN, D. L. 1975. Urban Travel Demand: A Behavioral Analysis. Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing Co., 1975.
    12. EK. 2003. External costs: Research results on socio-environmental damages due to electricity and transport. Luxemburg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003.
    13. FOLTÝNOVÁ, H., BRůHA, J. 2006. Příspěvek k problematice optimálního zdanění. Politická ekonomie. 2006, roč. 54, č. 3, s. 366-381. Go to original source...
    14. KURFÜRST, P. 2002. řízení poptávky po dopravě jako nástroj ekologicky šetrné dopravní politiky. Praha : Centrum pro dopravu a energetiku, 2002.
    15. MAS-COLELL, A., WHINSTON, M. D., GREEN, J. R. 1995. Microeconomic Theory. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1995.
    16. MAYERES, I. 2000. The Efficiency Effects of Transport Policies in the Presence of Externalities and Distortionary Taxes. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. 2000, roč. 3, č. 2, s. 233-260.
    17. MD. 2007. Ročenka dopravy 2006. Praha : Ministerstvo dopravy České republiky, 2007. http://www.sydos.cz/cs/rocenka-2005/index.html
    18. MOHRING, H. 1972. Optimisation and scale economies in urban bus transportation. American Economic Review. 1972, roč. 62, č. 4, s. 591-604.
    19. NASH, C., SANSOM, T., STILL, B. 2001. Modifying transport prices to internalise externalities: evidence from European case studies. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2001, roč. 31, č. 4, s. 413-431. Go to original source...
    20. OECD 2002. External Costs of Transportin Central and Eastern Europe. (ENV/EPOC/WPNEP/T(2002)5). Study by INFRAS a HERRY pro OECD Environment Directorate and Austrian Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry, Environment and Water Management. Zurich/Vienna, 2002.
    21. PARRY, I. W. H. 2005. Is Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance a Better Way to Reduce Gasoline than Gasoline Taxes? [Discussion paper RFF DP 05-15]. Washington, DC : Resources for the Future, 2005. Go to original source...
    22. PARRY, I. W. H., SMALL, K. A. 2005. Does Britain or the United States have the Right Gasoline Tax? The American Economic Review. 2005, roč. 95, č. 4, s. 1276-1289. Go to original source...
    23. PROOST, S., VAN DENDER, K. 2001. The welfare impacts of alternative policies to address atmospheric pollution in urban road transport. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2001, roč. 31, č. 4, s. 383-411. Go to original source...
    24. PROOST, S., VAN DENDER, K., COURCELLE, C., DE BORGER, B., PEIRSON, J., SHARP, D., VICKERMAN, R., GIBBONS, E.O., MAHONY, M., HEANEY, Q., VAN DEN BERGH, J., VERHOEF, E.: How large is gap between present and efficient transport prices in Europe? Transport Policy. 2002, roč. 9, č. 1, s. 41-57. Go to original source...
    25. QUANDT, R. E. (ed.). 1970. The Demand for Travel: Theory and Measurement. Massachusetts : Heath Lexington Books, 1970.
    26. SHIRLEY, C., WINSTON, C. 2004. Firm Inventory Behavior and the Returns from Highway Infrastructure Investments. Journal of Urban Economics. 2004, č. 55, s. 398-415. Go to original source...
    27. SMALL, K. A., GÓMEZ-IBÁÑEZ, J. A. 1997. Road pricing for congestion management: The transition from theory to policy. In OUM, T. H. et al. (ed.). Transport Economics. Selected Readings. London : Routledge, 1997, s. 373-404.
    28. SPIEKERMANN, K., WEGENER, M. 2004. Evaluating Urban Sustainability Using Land-Use Transport Interaction Models. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. 2004, roč. 4, č. 3, s. 251-272.
    29. STAVINS, R. N. 2003. Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments. In VAN DEN BERGH, J. C. M. (ed.). Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. Cheltenham : Edvard Edgar, 2003. Go to original source...
    30. WILLIAMS, M. 1979. Firm Size and Operating Costs in Urban Bus Transportation. The Journal of Industrial Economics. 1979, roč. 28, č. 2, s. 209-218. Go to original source...
    31. WOOLDRIDGE, J. M. 2002. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press, 2002.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content