Politická ekonomie 2011, 59(6):723-742 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.818

Fiškálna udržateľnosť penzijných systémov

Rudolf Sivák, Pavol Ochotnický, Andrea Čambalová
Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave.

Fiscal Sustainability of Pension Systems

Aging population and fiscal costs of the pension system is a burden for the sustainability of public finance. Therefore, many countries have been forced to reform their pension systems. One of the many ways of doing this is to switch from the convention pay-as-you-go system to capital funding. This paper explores the present Slovakia's Pension system and its impact on public finance from the long-term perspective. This article points out that the authorities have to be committed to bringing public finance to a sustainable path. In this regard, a financial consolidation of the pension system would be needed. Therefore, the paper suggests some alternatives of the mixed pension system.

Keywords: PAYG, pension reform, aging, dependency ratios, PAYG balance, cumulative debt, funded
JEL classification: E63, G23, H55, J32

Published: December 1, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sivák, R., Ochotnický, P., & Čambalová, A. (2011). Fiscal Sustainability of Pension Systems. Politická ekonomie59(6), 723-742. doi: 10.18267/j.polek.818
Download citation

References

  1. ARON, H. 1966. The Social Insurance Paradox. Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science. 1966, Vol. 32, No.3, pp. 371-374. Go to original source...
  2. AUREBACH, J. A.; KOTLIKOFF, J. L. 1987. Dynamic fiscal policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, 196 p. ISBN 0-521-30041-X.
  3. AUREBACH, J. A.; KOTLIKOFF, J. L. 1987. Evaluating Fiscal Policy with a Dynamic Simulation Model. American Economic Association, The American Economic Review. 1987, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 49-55.
  4. BARR, N. 2000. Reforming pensions: Myths, Truths and Policy Choices. [IMF Working Paper, WP/00/139] August 2000, 56 p. Go to original source...
  5. BARR, N. 1999. Response to 'Pensions and the demographic crisis: can building up pension funds help?' [online] Australian Social Policy, 1999/2. Dostupné na http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/about/publicationsarticles/research/austsocialpolicy/ASP_1999_2/Documents/grimes.htm.
  6. BEETSMA, R.; OKSANEN, H. 2007. Pension systems, Aging and Stability and Growth Pact. European economy - Economic papers 289. EC, 10/2007, 52 p., ISSN 1725-3187.
  7. BLAKE, D. 2006. Pension economics. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Pension Institute 2006, 256 p., ISBN 13 978-0-470-05844-2 (HB).
  8. BOERSCH-SUPAN, A.; REIL-HELD, A. 1997. Retirement income: Level, Risk and Substitution among income components. [online] OECD: 1997, Ageing Working Papers, AWP 3.7 r Eng. 26 p. Dostupné na http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/24/2428934.pdf.
  9. BOERSCH-SUPAN, A. 2000. A model under siege: A case study of the german retirement insurance system. The Economic Journal, 2/2000, Vol. 110, No. 461, pp. F24-F45 Go to original source...
  10. BRUNNER, K. J. 2003. Reform der Pensionsfinanzierung: From Public to Financial Economics. Berichte und Studien. DVR 0031577 Wien: Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2003, pp. 162-170.
  11. ČAMBALOVÁ, A.; OCHOTNICKÝ, P. 2009. Implicitný penzijný dlh SR. In Financie a riziko. Zborník príspevkov z XI. medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie. Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave, NHF, KF. Bratislava: Ekonóm, 2009, ss.121-130. ISBN 978-80-225-2867-2.
  12. DIAMOND, P. 1965. National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model. The American Economic Review. 1965, Vol. 55, No. 5, p. 1127-1137.
  13. DISNEY, R. 2000. Crises in Public Pension Programs in OECD: What are the Reform Options? The Economic Journal. 2/2000, Vol. 110, No. 461, pp. F1- F23. Go to original source...
  14. EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2009. Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU - 27 Member States (2008-2060). Joint Report prepared by the European Commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic Policy Committe (AWG). 263 p. EC 2/2009. ISBN 978-92-79-11363-5.
  15. FEHER, H.; JOKISCH, S.; KOTLIKOFF, J. L. 2008. Fertility, mortality and the development world´s demographic transition. Journal of Policy Modeling. 2008, Vol. 30, pp. 455-473. Go to original source...
  16. FELDSTEIN, M. 1998. Privatizing social security. NBER, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998, 463 p., ISBN 0-226-24 10 1-7.
  17. HOLZMANN, R.; GUVEN, U. 2009. Adequacy of Retirement Income after Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe. Eight Country Studies. The World Bank, 2009, 307 p., ISBN: 978-0-8213-7781-9. Go to original source...
  18. HOLZMANN, R.; PALACIOS, R.; ZVINIENE, A. 2004. Implicit Pension Debt: Issue, Measurement and Scope in International Perspective. Social Protection Discussion Paper Series. No. 0403, The Wordl Bank 3/ 2004, 34 p.
  19. ILO - Medzinárodný úrad práce. 2007. Odbor sociálneho zabezpečenia, sektor sociálnej ochrany, subregionálna kancelária pre SVE: Slovensko, TN Slovakia/TN.1. Odborné pripomienky pre vládu: Predbežné hodnotenie postupu dôchodkovej reformy. Ženeva/ Budapešť 2007, 13 s. Go to original source...
  20. JIMEO, F. J.; ROJAS, A. J.; PUENTE, S. 2008. Modelling the impact of aging on social security expenditures. Economic Modelling. 25/2008, pp. 201-224. Go to original source...
  21. KVETAN, V.; MLÝNEK, M.; PÁLENÍK, V.; RADVANSKÝ, M.; ŠIKULOVÁ, I. 2007. Makroekonomické dopady novely zákona o sociálnom poistení. Bratislava: Združenie pre ekonomické modelovanie, prognózy a analýzy EMPA, 2007,77 s. ISBN 978-80-969755-8-7.
  22. MAREK, D. 2008. Penzijní reforma v ČR: konverze ke kombinovanému systému s ohledem na limity fiskální politiky. Politická ekonomie. 2008, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 80-101. Go to original source...
  23. MELICHERČÍK, I.; UNGVARSKÝ, C. 2004. Pension Reform in Slovakia: Perspectives of the F iscal Debt and Pension Level. [online]. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, 2004, 13 s. Dostupné na http://www.defm.fmph.uniba.sk/ludia/melichercik/papers/dochodky.pdf.
  24. NECK, R.; STURM, J. E. 2008. Sustainbility of the Public Debt. MIT Press, 2008, MIT. Go to original source...
  25. ODÓR, Ľ.; ANTALICOVÁ, J.; KRAJČIR, Z.; NOVYSEDLÁK, V. 2004. Vplyv dôchodkového sporenia na verejné financie a občanov. [online]. Bratislava: Inštitút finančnej politiky(IFP), MF SR, 200 4, 27 s. Dostupné na http://www.finance.gov.sk/Documents/Publikacie/ea_1_vplyv_dochodkoveho_sporenia_web.pdf
  26. OECD. 2009. Pensions at a Glance 2009: Retirement-Income Systems in OECD Countries. 6/2009, 280 p. ISBN 9789264060715. Go to original source...
  27. OCHOTNICKÝ, P. 2001. Modelová analýza efektov vládnych výdavkov. Bratislava: Ekonóm, 2001, 147 s. ISBN 80-225-1421-7.
  28. ORSZAG, R. P.; STIGLITZ, E. J. 1999. Rethinking pension reform: Ten Myths About Social Security systems. Presented at the conference on "New Ideas About Old Age Security". Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 9/1999, 48 p.
  29. PORUBSKÝ, M.; NOVYSEDLÁK, V. 2009. Country fiche on 2009 pension projections for the Slovak republic. AWG EPC, Bratislava: Inštitút finančnej politiky, MF SR, 3/2009, 18 s.
  30. ROBALINO, D.; BOGOMOLOVA, T. 2006. lmplicit Pension Debt in the Middle-East and North Africa Magnitude and fiscal lmplications. [online]. MPRA Paper No. 12019, The World Bank, 2006, 23 p Dostupné na http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12019/1/MPRA_paper_12019.pdf
  31. SAMUELSON, A. P. 1958. An Exact Consumption - Loan Model of Interest, With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money. Journal of Political Economy. 1958, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 467-482 Go to original source...
  32. SCNEIDER. O. 1995. Implicit Public Debt of the Czech Social - Security System. Executive summary. Praha: Charles University Prague and Patria Finance. Center for Social and Economic Research, CASE, 1999, 15 s. Dostupné na http://ies.fsv.cuni.cz/default/file/download/id/790. Go to original source...
  33. SCHNEIDER, O. 1998. Dynamický model důchodové reformy v ČR. Finance a úvěr. 1998, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 55-65.
  34. SIVÁK, R. a kol. 2007. Verejné financie. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Iura edition, 2007, 311 s. ISBN 978-80-8078-094-4.
  35. VAŇO, B.; JURČOVÁ, D.; MÉSZÁROS, J. 2002. Prognóza vývoja obyvateľstva SR do roku 2050. [online]. Bratislava: Výskumné demografické centrum, INFOSTAT, 2002, 121 s. Dostupné na http://www.infostat.sk/vdc/pdf/prognoza2050vdc2.pdf.
  36. WORLD BANK. 1994. Averting the old age crises. A World Bank Policy Research Report. Oxford University Press, 1994, 402 p. ISSN 1020-0851.
  37. WORLD BANK. 1999. PROST Model Manual. Pension Reform Options Simulation Toolkit. Copyright IBRD, 1999 (new 2002).
  38. WORLD BANK. 2002 Slovenská republika - prístupový proces do EÚ. [online]. Dostupné na http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/05/13/000160016_20040513125104/Rendered/PDF/252110v120Local0Language0SK.pdf

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.