Politická ekonomie, 2017 (vol. 65), issue 4

VLIV PŘÍMÝCH ZAHRANIČNÍCH INVESTIC NA DODAVATELSKÉ VZTAHY A POSTAVENÍ DOMÁCÍCH VÝROBCŮ MEZIPRODUKTŮ

FDI's Impact on Inter-industry Interactions among Domestic Suppliers of Intermediate Goods

Jan Hanousek, Evžen Kočenda, Pavla Vozárová

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):391-409 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1151  

In this paper, we analyze the extent of the impact of FDI on the host economy according to theoretical predictions. Within a broader context of international trade flows, we focus on inter-industry interactions between a multinational enterprise (MNE) that enters the domestic market and other firms in the economy. We seek to determine if the MNE uses domestic suppliers of intermediate goods or if it purchases its supplies from abroad or from other MNEs entering the downstream sector. Our analysis covers both Western and Eastern European countries over the period 2001-2007. Our results show that FDI increases the demand for intermediary goods. However,...

Analýza daňových systémů středoevropských zemí pomocí statistické simulace

An Analysis of Central European Tax Systems Using Statistical Simulation

Jan Vlachý

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):410-423 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1152  

This paper uses a parametric statistical simulation (Monte Carlo) model to investigate and com-pare the effective lifetime tax burden on variable incomes for private-sector employees in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, based on current rates and calibrated against actual income distributions. It is shown that the existing Czech system is highly inefficient, lacking horizontal as well as vertical equity, and this is aggravated by increased income volatility. On the other hand, higher income risk in all countries, except Hungary using flat tax, results in less progression than expected, primarily due to the existence of a minimum wage,...

Reakční funkce Evropské centrální banky

The Reaction Function of the European Central Bank

Ondřej Čížek

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):424-439 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1153  

The forecast-based reaction function of the European Central Bank (ECB) is estimated in this paper and the change in the monetary policy regime is discussed in the context of the current economic crisis. ECB/Eurosystem staff projections database is utilized in order to estimate the rule. The advantage of using this database is demonstrated by comparing the results of econometric estimation utilizing these data on projections with the results obtained by popular method of using future values as proxies for expectations. This popular method is shown to be inadequate in this paper not only by econometric verification of alternative forms of the estimated...

Panelový regresní model: nástroj pro odhad obvyklé rentability tržeb pro účely převodních cen v kontextu malých a středních podniků

Panel Regression Model: A Tool for the Estimation of the Arm´s Length SME Profitability

Danuše Nerudová, Veronika Solilová, Hana Bohušová, Patrik Svoboda, Marek Litzman

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):440-459 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1154  

In this paper we focus on transfer pricing issues of SME with aim to propose a methodological tool in the form of panel-regression model estimating arm´s length EBIT margin of industry where SME is operating, which is based on the Action Plan of the European Commission to ensure fair and effective corporate taxation, fulfilling the premise of simplicity and non-increasing the administrative burden and compliance costs of taxation. As a result separate panel regression models were determined for each industry sectors and EU Member States based on the variables, such as operating revenues, payroll, added value and tangible fixed assets. Those regression...

Ekonomická analýza referenda

Economic Analysis of a Referendum

Petr Špecián

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):460-475 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1155  

The paper synthesizes the current literature regarding information aggregation, voter compe-tence, voting paradox and behavioral economics in order to answer the question whether the phenomenon of "wisdom of the crowds" can be reasonably relied upon during a referendum. Review of the 'wisdom of the crowds' research reveals two key assumptions: voter competence and voter independence. Although direct testing of the actual fulfillment of these assumptions in a real-world setting is not possible, both empirical literature on voting behavior and rational choice theory provide ample ground for skepticism in this regard. Low level of knowledge together with...

Jak může zahraniční migrace ovlivnit vývoj počtu a věkové struktury obyvatelstva České republiky?

Impact of Foreign Migration on the Development of the Size and Age Structure of the Population of the Czech Republic

Tomáš Fiala, Jitka Langhamrová

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):476-500 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1156  

As of 2015, the yearly number of live births in the Czech Republic will probably be lower than the number of deaths. Latest population forecast, presented by the Czech Statistical Office in 2013, shows that without permanent international immigration the population of the Czech Republic would decrease. The paper presents the results of our own population forecast, which takes into account the recent fertility increase observed in 2013-2015, and the replacement migration concept, i.e. the estimate of the amount of annual net migration needed to stabilize the Czech Republic population size at its current size (10.6 million of inhabitants) until...

Využití metod analýzy přežití pro modelování doby nezaměstnanosti v České republice

The Use of Survival Analysis Methods for the Modelling of Unemployment in the Czech Republic

Adam Čabla, Ivana Malá

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):501-519 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1157  

Unemployment belongs to the most serious economic and social problems of developed countries. The problem can be described by the unemployment rate or number of the unemployed, in this text a duration of unemployment is of interest. The unemployment duration in the Czech Republic in 2008, 2010 and 2014 is analysed with the use of survival analysis methods and a finite mixture of lognormal distributions is used to describe an overall distribution of unemployment spell as well as the component distributions given by gender and education of the unemployed. Data from the Labour Force Sample Survey (performed by the Czech Statistical Office) are used for...

Příspěvek k diskusi o aplikaci ekonomie v právu

Luboš Smrčka

Politická ekonomie 2017, 65(4):520-522 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1140