Politická ekonomie, 1997 (vol. 45), issue 5

Articles

Česká ekonomika v Evropě 1. poloviny 90. let

Czech Economy in Europe in the First Half of the 1990s

Vladimír Nachtigal

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):631-656 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.295

The submitted research study takes, as it's primary objective and attempt to assess and reveal the position of the Czech economy within Europe in the first half of the 1990s. In pursuing this objective, comparison of the status and development trends of the Czech economy with other European economies was used as the main method of assessing and evaluating economic reality. Since the limited size of the study does not allow for extensive comparisons either with all or with the majority of European economies, it was necessary to select only those economies, that which have certain analogical features with the CR economy.

Inflace a mechanismus měnových kurzů

Inflation and Exchange Rate Mechanism

Evžen Kočenda

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):657-668 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.296

Do the rates of inflation converge among the countries of EU? How vary are convergence processes in different groups of countries? The text study these questions and are trying to prove this process. Furthermore it is a question whether a mechanism of exchange rate (ERM) helped accelerate convergence of inflation of members countries involved in the mechanism. The motivation reason for these questions is evaluation of converging degree of inflation in EU. A finding and evaluation of convergence could predicate if one of conditions necessary for our participation in the EMU is reachable in close future. It is obvious, that countries, which for long...

Evropská unie a transformační výzvy druhé poloviny 90. let

European Union and Transformation Challenges of the Second Half of the 1990s

Jaroslav Jakš

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):669-682 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.297

The integration process which was coming since 1950s to Western Europe got into a new and very difficult phase. The article is focusing on the basic areas of reforms in the EU (Agenda 2000), single currency, new European security architecture, start of negotiations with associate states and determination of financial plan for time after 1999.

Veřejná politiky v oblasti výzkumu a vývoje v oligopolním průmyslu

Public Policy Towards R & D in Oligopolistic Industry

Darmot Leahy, J. Peter Neary

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):683-698 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.298

The first task of this text is presentations and an analysis of problems in pattern of generalisation d'Aspermont and Jacquemin model of two-phase duopol. The second task is comparison of a different levels of industry profits with use of miscellaneous corrective actions. The third task is to explore a character of optimal intervention by particular equalisations.

Vývoj hrubého domácího produktu z hlediska přispění jednotlivých faktorů

The GDP Development from the Point of View of the Contribution of Individual Factors

Richard Hindls, Stanislava Hronová

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):699-707 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.299

Relatively short time period embarrasses recognition of mains components of macroeconomic growth, nevertheless six-seven years already undoubtedly provides solid data base for use of tools and technique of economics statistics and national accounts to detailed describe some symptoms of development and break ground for next economic decisions. The goal of the text is to provide some statistical methods to the readers. Especially the analysis of contributions to particular aggregates of production and use of GDP and its growth. The method is applied to Czech republic data from 1991 to 1995. The conclusion depicts next possibilities of deepen analysis...

Financování českého zemědělství - ekonometrická evidence

Financial Flows in Czech Agriculture - Econometric Evidence

Karel Janda, Hana Sklenková, Jaroslav Vigner

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):708-718 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.300

The crucial factors in Czech agriculture financing are aims of grants from the Ministry of Agriculture and advantage credits from PGRFL. The text provides an econometric forecast of particular impact of social-economics and natural-technological on a credits volume provides by PGRFL. The regression model is based on microeconomics model of maximise banks profit. The importance of particular factors determining a providing of credits is compared with importance of these factors on providing of aim grants. The regression analysis proves that support through PGRLF is aimed to areas with good conditions for agricultural development. The grants are provided...

Inflace v České republice v polovině devadesátých let

Inflation in the Czech Republic in the Mid-Nineties

Josef Arlt

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):719-721 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.301

In recent time inflation became a topic between economists and statisticians. An important question is not only an inflation development, but also especially an identification of factors, which influence it. The solution of this task turns into difficult empirical problem not only because of short time period. The text responds to Martin Čihák and Kamil Janáček article Inflation in the Czech Republic in the Mid-Nineties (Politická ekonomie, 199, č.6). Significant part of its constitutes an analysis covering time series. I am focusing on significant problems, which appear in many articles: yearly development rate and one-equation modelling of inflation.

Consultations

Dynamický agregátní model

Dynamic Aggregate Model

Dragiša Stojanovič

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):725-732 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.302

This paper considers an aggregate matrix and corresponding dynamic aggregate model. The aim of this consideration is to define and analyse different cases of interdependencies based on the aggregate matrix. The dynamic aggregate model enables a new approach in the planning and forecasting of different aggregates. The formulation of such a model is useful for the expression of specific aggregate relationships as well as for the extrapolation of system elements into the future. The generalised aggregate relationships are expressed by the aggregate matrix. The characteristics of this model is that it can be formulated and examined under various conditions.

Kointegrace v jednorovnicových modelech

Co-integration in One-equation Models

Josef Arlt

Politická ekonomie 1997, 45(5):733-746 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.303

In modelling of economical time series, it is logical to come out from hypotheses to some economic relationship. If the deviation of time series development is only short time period, with time limit behind it cannot go, we say that time series are in equilibrium. Statisticians call it co-integration of time series. The text draws out a base idea of integration and co-integration of time series. Consequently describe a genesis, content and problems of EC model most frequently used to test the roots and co-integration.