Politická ekonomie, 2013 (vol. 61), issue 6

Articles

Obchod s fiskálními statky v Evropské unii: Analýza za pomoci gravitačního modelu

Trade with Final Goods in European Union: A Gravity Model Approach

Richard Frensch, Jan Hanousek, Evžen Kočenda

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):715-734 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.927

Based on the gravity model of the trade with imperfect specialization we suggest a testable econometric specification. The model considers bilateral gravity equation as a statistical relationship limited by the multilateral specialization patterns among countries. We test the model on disaggregated bilateral trade data of the European Union (EU) countries. Our results show that trade in final goods between East and West in Europe is driven by multilateral specialization incentives. The identified key drivers are supply side country differences in labour costs with respect to the rest of the world. This finding is compatible with the idea of incomplete...

Analýza citlivosti hodnot Herfidalovho-Hirschmanovho indexu slovenského bankového sektora

Sensitivity Analysis of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Slovak Banking Sector

Ivan Brezina, Juraj Pekár

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):735-751 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.928

Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) that measure the concentration of the industry belongs to well-known special indices. The paper is devoted to the sensitivity of the HHI values, which allows simulations of changes in concentration of the relevant market in case of new entry into the market. Let assume model situation in which a new entity has entered the industry with a relevant market share while keeping the total production of the industry unchanged and the production of subjects operating on the market is proportionately reduced. Based on this assumption, it is possible to derive relations that allow to set the boundaries in which the characteristic...

Konkurenceschopnost národních ekonomik - kritická reflexe konceptu

Competitiveness of National Economy: Critical Reflection

Oldřich Krpec, Vladan Hodulák

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):752-769 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.929

This article is a contribution to the discussion of national competitiveness as a concept for analysis of international economic relations. The main goal is the critical reflection of the concept. We consider the Paul Krugman's and Richard Baldwin's remarks regarding the problems associated with using competitiveness as an analytical concept still valid when restrained to the domain of neoclassical economics. Moreover - even though the competitiveness is widely accepted as an analytical concept - we believe a number of problems associated with its current use exist (both in theory and in process of policy formations). Mainly, there is confusion between...

Kontexty hospodářské politiky a současné finanční a hospodářské krize

Context of Economic Policy and the Current Financial and Economic Crisis

Slavoj Czesaný

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):770-794 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.930

The objective of the article is to identify impact of economic policy implications on current financial and economic crisis. The analysis examines a hypothesis that the main causes of financial and economic crisis include unbalanced developments of the macroeconomic sphere as well as existing weaknesses of banking systems, which often do not evolve in line with the development of economy fundamentals. The article is going to inspect three areas: (i) What development trends and economic policy were registered in the pre-crisis period in order to identify the main causes of economic fluctuations of economy; (ii) How economic policies responded to the...

Možnosti hodnocení fiskální pozice a stabilizační fiskální politika

Possible Evaluation of Fiscal Position and Stabilization Fiscal Policy

Zdeněk Pikhart

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):795-813 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.931

Paper deals with the assessment of the fiscal position and stabilization of government policy. First, the framework for assessment of the fiscal position and the sustainability of public finances is presented. It is justified the usage of specific data based on the ESA95 methodology, including consideration of possible alternatives. Subsequently, the government deficit is set into the framework of macroeconomic identities and expressed its impact on the current account balance and other aggregates. Sustainability of the government deficit is firstly derived from the primary balance and consequently from the overall balance. Even before it is discussed...

Experimentální odhad složek výdajové metody regionálního HDP v ČR

Experimental Estimate of Components of Expenditure Approach to Regional GDP in the Czech Republic

Jana Kramulová, Petr Musil

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):814-833 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.932

This paper deals with the topic of experimental computations and estimation of regional GDP components by expenditure approach in the NUTS 3 regions of the Czech Republic. As huge amount of data is necessary, this topic has not been successfully solved by official statistics yet. Just one expenditure component - gross fixed capital formation - is regionally published by the Czech Statistical Office, the others, such as final household consumption expenditures, government expenditures or net export balance, are estimated in this paper. Also the net savings of regions are experimentally computed. Different data sources needed to be used for estimations;...

Consultations

Politická ekonomie financování zdravotní péče

Political Economy of Health Care Financing

Jaroslav Vostatek

Politická ekonomie 2013, 61(6):834-851 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.933

The paper aims at the correspondence of the health care financing systems to the social models (welfare regimes) as defined in the social theory and policy, including the trends in the OECD and CEE countries and utilizing the lessons from typical countries. We compare the liberal, social-democratic, conservative and neo-liberal models of health care financing, mentioning the Communist model and the single-payer system as well. The National Health Service model may also today be considered as a viable, social-democratic model of the basic health protection. The social health insurance model was markedly modified by the transition to the universal health...

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