Politická ekonomie, 2014 (vol. 62), issue 6
Articles
Struktura spotřeby českých domácností 1970-2012
Household Consumption Expenditures between 1970 and 2012
Jaroslav Sixta, Kristýna Vltavská, Stanislava Hronová, Richard Hindls
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):725-748 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.979 
The paper describes the development of household consumption expenditures from a longer perspective. Currently, there are available data for more than forty years and it means that lots of information about changes in structure and main tendencies can be studied. Since the emphasis is put on the comparable time series, it was necessary to prepare transformation of original data into national accounts. Historical figures on private consumption were published in line with the Material Product System that is not fully comparable with the System of National Accounts. Data on private consumption reflecting only material part of consumption had to be transformed...
Dopady reformy přímých daní k roku 2015: vyhodnocení pomocí modelu TAXBEN
The Impacts of the 2015 Reform of Direct Taxation: Evaluation with a TAXBEN Model
Libor Dušek, Klára Kalíšková, Daniel Münich
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):749-768 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.980
The Czech Parliament approved a wide-ranging reform of direct taxes in 2011. Absent other legislative changes, the reform will come into force on January 1, 2015. We evaluate its impacts on the tax burdens and the average and marginal tax rates in a representative sample of Czech individuals and households. The main impact of the reform is a reduction in the average tax rates for the self-employed in the 5th through 10th income deciles, most frequently by 4.4 percentage points. The variation in the change in the average tax rates among the self-employed in low incomes deciles is large and varies between minus 5 to plus 5 percentage points. The reform...
Konstrukce a využití časových input-output tabulek pro hodnocení produktivity práce v podmínkách České republiky
Construction of the Time Input-Output Tables under Conditions of the Czech Republic
Jaroslav Zbranek, Jakub Fischer
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):769-784 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.981
The article deals with the method of construction of symmetric time input-output tables under conditions of the Czech Republic. It is completely new approach to the description and evaluation of the Czech economy even though the effort to include the factor of time in this evaluation is abroad for quite long. In the Czech Republic are these efforts at the beginning. The method used to achieve the goal is based on the Supply and use tables expressed in time units, which is compiled using relevant data sources. The described results inform about the achieving of this goal. The method leads to the compilation of the symmetric time input-output tables....
Srovnání měnových transmisních mechanismů České republiky a Polska pomocí funkcí odezvy
Comparison of the Monetary Transmission Mechanisms of Czech Republic and Poland Using Impulse Response Functions
Sára Bíza Bisová, Roman Hušek
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):785-807 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.982
For the purpose of monetary policy analyses dynamic multivariate models are usually applied. The reason is the presence of significant lags between an action and the appropriate effects in the economy. We use the concept of structural VAR models, widely used approach next to the DSGE and simultaneous equations models. We estimate four and five variable VAR containing the key macroeconomic indicators and identify monetary transmission mechanism using SVAR. Using different identification schemes and impulse response functions we compare the effect of a restrictive monetary policy shock on the set of analysed variables, especially price level. We also...
Dopad intervence ČNB do finančních trhů
CNB FX Intervention and Its Impact on Financial Markets
Jan Vejmělek
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):808-823 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.983
The paper is discussing CNB FX intervention and its impact on all segments of Czech financial markets from process and volumes of transactions point of view and possible consequences. The focus is on foreign exchange, bond and stock market. Although the impact of FX intervention was evident on all markets under discussion, it was not so significant having macroeconomic effects. The only exception is the FX market. The Czech National Bank contributed to the widening gap between market and equilibrium exchange rate. The undervalued Czech currency will have a temporal positive impact on the macroeconomic external balance.
Ekonomické hodnocení hluku ze silniční dopravy: studie podmíněného hodnocení
The Economic Valuation of Road Traffic Noise: The Contingent Valuation Study
Patrik Sieber, Jan Melichar
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):824-849 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.984
Our study investigates the benefits that the Czech inhabitants could gain from the reduction of road traffic noise. We applied contingent valuation study in order to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the reduction of traffic noise by 10 dB (from 70 dB up 60 dB). Using data from 2010 Czech representative survey (n=2,104), we estimated mean WTP by nonparametric method which was based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate. Further, we explained the variability of WTP using Double-Hurdle model. In the first step, the Probit model explained the choice of individuals that are willing to participate on the program decreasing the road noise. In the second step,...
Consultations
Ekonomická teorie Garyho Beckera
The Economic Theory of Gary Becker
Marek Loužek
Politická ekonomie 2014, 62(6):850-864 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.985
The purpose of the paper is to map the economic theory of Gary Becker. The first part outlines the life of Gary Becker. The second part analyses his economic approach to human behaviour. The third part covers the economics of discrimination. The fourth part examines the human capital theory. The fifth part is concerned with crime and punishment. The sixth part deals with economics of the family. The seventh part outlines economics of life.