Současná Evropa 2016, 2016(1):29-41

Evropská secese: ekonomická integrace na cestě k politické desintegraci?

Hana Lipovská

Evropské vlády čelí od počátku 90. let dvěma protichůdným tlakům. Instituce Evropské unie přicházejí s požadavkem stále těsnější ekonomické integrace. Jednotlivé regiony naopak volají po stále větší politické desintegraci. Rok 2014 přinesl čtyři zásadní referenda o nezávislosti regionů na Ukrajině, v Itálii, Skotsku a Španělsku. Tato vlna secesních hnutí i obava z šíření secesní nákazy ve státech s latentními autonomními tendencemi obrátila pozornost akademických ekonomů od studia integrace k výzkumu desintegrace. V této konzultaci se proto věnujeme přehledu literatury zabývající se politicko-ekonomickými aspekty secesních tendencí v evropské integraci. O secesi usilují zejména nejvyspělejší regiony národních států. V prostředí ekonomických bariér proto právo na secesi není Pareto-optimální. Ekonomická integrace však malým státům poskytuje výhody velkého vnitřního trhu a zároveň snižuje náklady secese pro mateřské země. Ucelený přehled slouží jako podklad pro navazující aplikace politické ekonomie konfliktu na soudobé secesní tlaky.

Keywords: autonomní hnutí, ekonomická integrace, politická ekonomie konfliktu, právo na sebeurčení, secese, separatismus

European Secession: Economic Integration on the Road to the Political Desintegration?

European national governments have faced since 90s two contradictory pressures. While European Union requires ever closer economic integration, individual regions have called for increasing political disintegration. In 2014 four crucial referendums on the independence of regions in Ukraine, Italy, Scotland and Spain were held. This wave of secession movement and the fear of contagion to states with latent autonomous tendencies turned attention from the integration studies to the research of disintegration. This consultation deals with the literature review of the political-economic aspects of secession tendencies in European integration. Secession spreads especially among the most developed regions of nation states. In an environment of economic barriers the right to secession is therefore not Pareto-optimal. Economic integration of small states, however, provides the benefits of the single market and reduces costs for the secession of the mother country. Comprehensive survey serves as a basis for future research of the political economy of conflict in the contemporary secession pressures.

Keywords: Autonomous movements, economic integration, political economy of conflict, self-determination right, secession, separatism
JEL classification: F15, F52, H77

Published: June 1, 2016  Show citation

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Lipovská, H. (2016). European Secession: Economic Integration on the Road to the Political Desintegration? Contemporary Europe, 2016(1), 29-41
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